in Egypt
for its sagacity and other excellent qualities; for when Pythagoras,
after his return from Egypt, founded a new sect in Greece, and at Croton
in southern Italy, he taught, with the Egyptian philosophers, that at
the death of the body the soul entered into that of various animals.
After the death of any of his favourite disciples he would hold a dog to
the mouth of the man in order to receive the departing spirit, saying
that there was no animal which could perpetuate his virtues better than
that quadruped. It was in order to preserve the Israelites from errors
and follies of this kind, and to prevent the possibility of such
idolatry being established, that the dog was afterwards regarded with
utter abhorrence amongst the Jews, and this feeling prevailed during the
continuance of the Israelites in Palestine.

Plate I. TYPICAL NON-SPORTING DOGS.
(_From Photos by Bowden Bros._)

[Illustration: GREAT DANE.]

[Illustration: SAINT BERNARD.]

[Illustration: DALMATIAN.]

[Illustration: MASTIFF.]

[Illustration: OLD ENGLISH SHEEP DOG.]

[Illustration: COLLIE.]

[Illustration: CHOW.]

[Illustration: NEWFOUNDLAND.]

[Illustration: POODLE.]

[Illustration: BULL DOG.]

[Illustration: FRENCH BULL DOG.]

[Illustration: _From "Country Life in America."_

BOSTON TERRIER.]

Plate II. TYPICAL SPORTING DOGS.
(_From Photos by Bowden Bros._)

[Illustration: ENGLISH SETTER.]

[Illustration: POINTER.]

[Illustration: IRISH SETTER.]

[Illustration: LABRADOR RETRIEVER.]

[Illustration: FLAT-COATED RETRIEVER.]

[Illustration: IRISH WOLF-HOUND.]

[Illustration: IRISH TERRIER.]

[Illustration: DACHSHUND.]

[Illustration: ROUGH-COATED FOX TERRIER.]

[Illustration: FIELD SPANIEL.]

The Hindus also regard the dog as unclean, and submit to various
purifications if they accidentally come in contact with it, believing
that every dog is animated by a wicked and malignant spirit condemned to
do penance in that form for crimes committed in a previous state of
existence. In every Mahommedan and Hindu country the most scurrilous
epithet bestowed on a European or a Christian is "a dog," and that
accounts for the fact that in the whole of the Jewish history there is
not a single allusion to hunting with dogs. Mention is made of nets and
snares, but the dog does not seem to have been used in the pursuit of
game.

In the early periods of the history of other countries this seems to
have been the