for walking canes, and the young, unexpanded flower spikes
are used as a vegetable.

108. CHAMAEROPS FORTUNEI.--This palm is a native of the north of China,
and is nearly hardy here. In China, the coarse brown fibers
obtained from the leaves are used for making hats and also
garments called So-e, worn in wet weather.

109. CHAMAEROPS HUMILIS.--This is the only European species of palm, and
does not extend farther north than Nice. The leaves are commonly
used in the south of Europe for making hats, brooms, baskets, etc.
From the leaf fiber a material resembling horse hair is prepared,
and the Arabs mix it with camel's hair for their tent covers.

110. CHAVICA BETEL.--This plant is found all over the East Indies,
where its leaf is largely used by Indian natives as a masticatory.
Its consumption is immense, and has been said to equal that of
tobacco by Western peoples. It is prepared for chewing by
inclosing in the leaves a slice of the areca nut, and a small
portion of lime. It is thought to act as a stimulant to the
digestive organs, but causes giddiness and other unpleasant
symptoms to those not accustomed to its use.

111. CHIOCOCCA RACEMOSA.--This plant is found in many warm countries,
such as in southern Florida. It is called cahinca in Brazil, where
a preparation of the bark of the root is employed as a remedy for
snake bites. Almost every locality where snakes exist has its
local remedies for poisonous bites, but they rarely prove to be
efficient when truthfully and fairly tested.

112. CHLORANTHUS OFFICINALIS.--The roots of this plant are an aromatic
stimulant, much used as medicine in the Island of Java; also, when
mixed with anise, it has proved valuable in malignant smallpox.

113. CHLOROXYLON SWIETENIA.--The satinwood tree of tropical countries.
It is principally used for making the backs of clothes and hair
brushes, and for articles of turnery-ware; the finest mottled
pieces are cut into veneers and used for cabinet-making.

114. CHRYSOBALANUS ICACO.--The cocoa plum of the West Indies. The
fruits are about the size of a plum, and are of various colors,
white, yellow, red, or purple. The pulp is sweet, a little
austere, but not disagreeable. The fruits are preserved and
exported from Cuba and other West India Islands. The kern