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try during the past few years, and there is evidently a very general and earnest desire that children be taught to sing. It is also the wish of those who are teachers to do their work well. While there are many books to aid educators upon every other subject taught in public schools, the literature on the voice, particularly the singing-voice, is meagre, and it is believed that some direct, practical hints on this topic may be welcome. The following pages are the result of several years' experience in teaching, and of careful study of children's voices. The author has attempted to describe the physiological characteristics of the child-voice and to give some practical hints regarding its management. It is sincerely hoped that what is herein written may be useful and helpful to those engaged in teaching children to sing. FRANCIS E. HOWARD, Bridgeport, Conn. December, 1895 CONTENTS. PAGE Preface to the Second Edition, 3 Preface, 7 CHAPTER I. Physiology of the Voice, 13 CHAPTER II. Registers of the Voice, 25 CHAPTER III. How To Secure Good Tone, 44 CHAPTER IV. Compass of the Child-Voice, 72 CHAPTER V. Position, Breathing, Attack, Tone-Formation, 81 CHAPTER VI. Vowels, Consonants, Articulation, 95 CHAPTER VII. Mutation of the Voice, 112 CHAPTER VIII. The Alto Voice in Male Choirs, 125 CHAPTER IX. General Remarks, 132 CHAPTER I. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VOICE. In former times the culture of the singing-voice was conducted upon purely empirical grounds. Teachers followed a few good rules which had been logically evolved from the experience of many schools of singing. We are indebted to modern science, aided by the laryngoscope, for many facts concerning the action of the larynx, and more especially the vocal cords in tone-production. While the early discoveries regarding the mechanism of the voice were hopefully believed to have solved all problems concerning its cultivation, experience has shown the futility of attempting to formulate a set of rules for voice-culture based alone upon the incomplete data furnished by the laryngoscope.
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