ewish Life in the Middle Ages_ (Philadelphia,
1897), p. 49.

[5] Jacob S. Raisin, _The Haskalah Movement_ (Philadelphia, 1913), p.
33.

[6] James H. Robinson, _History of Western Europe_ (Boston, 1904, 2
vols.), vol. 1, p. 246. Addison & Steele, _The Spectator_ (London,
1823), No. 495, p. 710.

[7] L. Zunz, _The Sufferings of the Jews During the Middle Ages_ (New
York, 1907).

[8] S. M. Dubnow, _Jewish History_ (Philadelphia, 1903), p. 156.

[9] Lady Magnus, _Outlines of Jewish History_ (London, 1888), p. 301
et seq.

[10] Raisin, _The Haskalah Movement_, Chap. III.

[11] S. Phillippson, _Weltbegerende Fragen_ (Leipsic, 1868) Edouard
Drumont, _La France Juive_ (Paris, 1886).

[12] Ernest Renan, _Etudes d'Histoire Religieuse_ (Paris, 1862), p.
85.

[13] _Idem_, p. 88.

[14] _Idem_, p. 87.

[15] H. Graetz, _History of the Jews_ (Philadelphia, 1891), 5 vols.,
vol. V., p. 318 et seq.

[16] G. F. Abbott, "The Jewish Problem," _Fortnightly Review_, vol.
93, p. 742.

[17] _The Jewish Encyclopedia_ (New York, 1901, 10 vols.), under
"Anti-Semitism."

[18] _Idem._ and _ibid._, quoting from Preussiche Jahrbuecher, 1879.

[19] _American Jewish Year Book_ (Philadelphia, 1913-14), p. 215.

[20] Arnold White, "Europe and the Jews," _Contemporary Review_, vol.
72, p. 738.

[21] American Jewish Year Book, 1906-07, p. 24-90. Tables showing, for
period of 3 years in Russia (1903-06), 254 pogroms, in which 3,973
Jews were killed and 14,034 wounded. C. R. Conder, "Zionists,"
_Blackwood_, vol. 163, p. 598, states on authority of Dr. Farbstein
that 70 per cent. of Galician Jews are beggars and 50 per cent. of
Russian Jews are paupers.

[22] _Jewish Encyclopedia_ under "Reform Judaism."

[23] Maurice Fishberg, "The Jews" (New York, 1911).

[24] _Jewish Encyclopedia_ under "Reform Judaism."

[25] _Idem._

[26] _Jewish Encyclopedia_ under "Alliance Israelite Universelle."

[27] Cohen, _Zionist Work in Palestine_, p. 157.

[28] _Idem._

[29] _Idem_, under "Agricultural Colonies in Palestine."

The Third Annual Convention of the Menorah Societies

I. The Public Meeting

_The Third Annual Convention of the Intercollegiate Menorah
Association was held at the University of Cincinnati, in the city of
Cincinnati, on Wednesday and Thursday, December 23 and 24, 1914. The
third session, on Wednesday evening, was a public meeting in the
University auditorium. Abraham J. Feldman, President of the University
o