er Military Management, there is
practically no limit to this power, the management being satisfied
if the foreman gets the work out of the men, and the men having
practically no one to appeal to, and being obliged to receive their
punishment always from the hands of a prejudiced party.

LITTLE POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF WILL.--Being under such
influence as this, there is little or no possibility of the
development of an intelligent will. The "will to do" becomes
stunted, unless the pay is large enough to lead the man to be
willing to undergo abuses in order to get the money. There is
nothing, moreover, in the aspect of the management itself to lead
the man to have a feeling of confidence either in himself, or in the
management, and to have that moral poise which will make him wish
to advance.

REAL CAPACITY NOT INCREASED.--With the likelihood of suspicion,
hate and jealousy arising, and with constant preparations for
conflict, of which the average union and employers' association is
the embodiment, naturally, real capacity is not increased, but is
rather decreased, under this form of management, and we may ascribe
this to three faults:

First, to lack of recognition of individuality,--men are handled
mostly as gangs, and personality is sunk.

Second, to lack of standardization, and to lack of time study,
that fundamental of all standardization, which leads to absolute
inability to make a measured, and therefore scientific judgment, and

Third, to the lack of teaching; to the lack of all
constructiveness.

These three lacks, then, constitute a strong reason why
Traditional Management does not add to the welfare of the men.

LITTLE SYSTEMATIZED WELFARE WORK UNDER TRADITIONAL
MANAGEMENT.--As for welfare work,--that is, work which the employers
themselves plan to benefit the men, if under such work be included
timely impulses of the management for the men, and the carrying of
these out in a more or less systematic way, it will be true to say
that such welfare work has existed in all times, and under all forms
of management. The kind-hearted man will show his kind heart
wherever he is, but it is likewise true to say that little
systematic beneficial work is done under what we have defined as
Traditional Management.

DEFINITE STATEMENTS AS TO WELFARE UNDER TRANSITORY MANAGEMENT
DIFFICULT TO MAKE.--It is almost impossible to give any statement as
to the general welfare of workers