to a
movement based upon Jews who endorse a "fixed program," and then
become members under the "discipline" of leadership. When Herzl faced
the First Congress, he saw that this conception of Zionism was foreign
to the nature and character of the Jewish people. The shekel was the
registry of a name. It led the way to the elevation of the individual
in Zionist affairs, first as a member of a democratic army "willing"
the fulfillment, and then settling in Palestine to become the hands
that built the Homeland.

Arrayed in the armor of democracy, the Zionist movement made the
self-emancipation ideal of Pinsker live in the soul of Herzl. At a
number of Congresses, in his articles in Die Welt, Herzl showed how
that idea had become an integral part of his life, although his first
thoughts ran in quite another direction.

But his analysis of anti-Semitism and how to approach the problem
remains true today after Hitler, as it was true then after Dreyfus.
This was the authentic revelation that in his last days was fixed in
his mind. The homelessness of the Jewish people must come to an end.
That tragedy is a world problem. It is to be solved by world
statesmanship in cooperation with the reawakened Jewish people. It is
to be solved by the establishment of a free Jewish State in their
historic Homeland. Herzl manifested his utter identification with the
destiny of his own people at the Uganda Congress when he faced the
rebellious Russian Zionists, spoke words of consolation to them and
gave them assurances of his fealty to Zion. He died a few months
later.

"The Jewish State" was not regarded by Herzl as a piece of literature.
It was a political document. It was to serve as the introduction to
political action. It was to lead to the conversion of leaders in
political life. It was to win converts to the idea of a Jewish State.
Although a shy man at first, he did not hesitate to make his way
through the corridors of the great and suffer the humiliations of the
suppliant. Through that remarkable friend and Christian, the Reverend
William H. Hechler, he met the Grand Duke of Baden; he made the rounds
of German statesmen, Count zu Eulenburg, Foreign Minister, Von Buelow
and Reichschancellor Hohenlohe; then he met the favorites who
encircled Sultan Abdul Hamid and the Sultan himself. He placed the
dramatic personae of his drama on the stage. The plan involved the
Turkish debt, the German interest in the Orient. It involved
stimulati