ng the Russians and visiting the Pope. At first his political
activities were conducted as the author of a startling pamphlet, then
as the leader of his people. He became conscious of his leadership,
and played his part with superb dignity. He had ease of manner and
correct form. He created the impression of a regal personality; his
noble appearance hid his hesitations and fears. With the Sultan he
played the most remarkable game of diplomacy. He believed that once a
mutual interest could be arrived at, he would be able to secure the
funds, although at the time of speaking he had no funds at all.
Adjusting himself to the wily Turk, he had to change and diminish his
demands and finally, when he was dangerously near a disclosure, he was
saved by the Sultan's transferring his interest to the French and
obtaining his funds from them. With Kaiser Wilhelm, he soon
appreciated the fact that he had to deal with a great theatrical
personality who spoke of plans and purpose with great fire, but had
no courage and whose convictions melted away in the face of
obstacles.

The world Herzl dealt with has passed away. The Turkish Empire now
occupies a small part of the Near East. Its former provinces have now
become "sovereign" states struggling to establish harmony between
themselves and feeding on their animus towards the Jewish people
returning home. The methods of diplomacy have changed. Loudness of
speech is no longer out of order. Frankness and brutality may be
expected at any international gathering. It is now felt as never
before that behind political leaders, rulers, princes, statesmen, the
people are advancing and soon will be able to push aside those who
make of the relations of peoples a game and a gamble, a struggle for
power, which, when achieved, dissolves into the nothingness of vanity.

* * * * *

"The Jewish State" should be regarded as one of a series of books,
variations on the same theme, composed by the same author. The first
was "The New Ghetto" (1894). That was a play which dealt with the
social life of the upper class of Jews in Vienna. Then came the
"Address to the Rothschilds." That was a memorandum which contained a
proposal to Jewish philanthropists. "The Jewish State" was the third
effort of an agitated mind, wavering between the projection of a
Utopia or a thesis, and containing the political solution of the
Jewish problem. The final variant of the original theme was the