e watch. But these visits to the
lavatory had become such an abuse that it was decided to take
remedial measures. To-day the physiological time is reckoned
more or less exactly, and at a stated hour the whole of the
pupils, accompanied by the teacher, marching in line two by
two, like soldiers drilling, proceed to the lavatories. The
children of the first file enter in succession and the others
halt, but continue to mark time; as by degrees the children
come out of the lavatory, they form in file again, and begin
once more to mark time together with their companions. The
movement seems, indeed, appropriate to the occasion. We will
say nothing of the state in which the last children in the
file of forty or fifty (who did not go in as a pretence,
since the 'physiological time' had been reckoned) will find
the lavatory; nor will we ask what has become of hygiene. Let
us look at the exterior of the lavatories; they have little
doors with a large space above and a large space below; thus
modesty, and at the same time morality, are safeguarded;
within, nothing but the proper duty can be performed. The
more modern lavatories in schools, however, are made without
seats; with an aperture in the ground to obviate contact and
ensure hygiene: the uncomfortable position prevents a longer
sojourn than is necessary. It appears that this is the best
practical method for installations of this kind in common
lodging-houses, casual wards, and schools."

* * * * *

School is the place where the "social sentiment" is developed; it is
the child's society. As a fact, it is not the school in itself, nor
the intercourse of the scholars, but the education given in the manner
described above which is designed to develop this sentiment. Hence
when my method became known, although I had spoken therein of places
where children live together agreeably and work, I was asked in a
critical tone: "And how will the social sentiment be developed if each
child works independently?" We must therefore conclude that this
system of regimentation in which the children do everything at the
same moment, even to visiting the lavatory, is supposed to develop the
social sentiment. The society of the child is therefore the antithesis
of adult society, where sociability implies a free and well-bred
interchange of courtesies and mutual aid, although each in