claims of country. Mazzini thought
the family sacred, but he bade parents give up their sons in time of
national danger. It was the duty of every father to fit his children
to be citizens. Humanity made demands which some could only satisfy by
submitting to long martyrdom.

{188}

Mazzini himself had parted from the Genoese home, which was very
desolate without the beautiful son of such brilliant promise. He dwelt
in miserable solitude, unable to marry the woman he loved because an
exile could not offer to share his hearth with any. He felt every pang
of desolation, but he would never return to easy acceptance of an evil
system. He asked all from his followers and he gave all, declaring
that it was necessary to make the choice between good and evil.

The work that was to create a mighty revolution began in a small room
at Marseilles. Austria would not give up her hold on Italy unless
force expelled her from the country. There must be war and there must
be soldiers trained to fight together. It seemed a hopeless enterprise
for a few young men of very moderate means and ability, but young Italy
grew and the past acquiescence could never be recovered. Mazzini was
light of heart as he wrote and printed, infecting his companions with
the vivacity of his spirit. He wore black still, but his cloak was of
rich Genoese velvet. The wide "Republican" hat did not conceal the
long black curling hair that shaded features of almost perfect
regularity. His dark eyes, gaily flashing, drew the doubting toward
confidence and strengthened those who already shared a like ideal. He
was a leader by nature and would work indefatigably, sharing generously
the portion that was never plenteous.

Political pamphlets, written by an unwearied pen, were sent throughout
Italy by very strange devices. State was barred from state by many
trade hindrances that prevented literature from circulating, and
freedom of the press had been refused by Napoleon. It was necessary
for conspirators to have their own printing {189} press, and conceal
their contraband goods in barrels of pitch and in packets of sausages!

At Genoa, all classes were represented in the Young Italy which
displaced the worn-out Carbonari. There were seamen and artisans on
the list, and Garibaldi, the gallant captain of the mercantile marine,
swore devotion to the cause of freedom. He had already won the hearts
of every sailor in his crew, and made a name by writing e