he
Orthodox Church and Slavized. It is noteworthy that they are now
strenuously resisting annexation by Serbia. Thirdly, came the
extensive lands, some of them wholly Albanian, annexed to Montenegro
in 1878 under the Treaty of Berlin, much of which, in spite of the
efforts of the Montenegrin Government, is by no means Slavized.

Certain other small districts have also from time to time been
joined to Montenegro at different times, e.g. Grahovo. Each of the
Montenegrin tribes has a distinct tradition of origin from an
individual or family. They tell almost invariably of immigration
into their present site in the fifteenth or sixteenth century. Thus
Nyegushi in 1905 told me of descent from two brothers Jerak and
Raiko, who fled from Nyegushi in the Herzegovina fourteen
generations ago. The Royal family, the Petrovitches, traces descent
from Jerak. If we take thirty years as a generation this gives us
1485. The Turks had then begun to overrun Bosnia and the Herzegovina.

Ivan Tsrnoievitch, chief of the tribes of the Zeta, was so hard
pressed by the oncoming Turks that he burnt his capital of Zhablyak
and withdrew to the mountains, where he founded Cetinje in 1484.
Tradition thus corresponds closely with historic fact. The strength
of Turkish influence is shown by the fact that even to-day the
peasant speaks of Ivan as Ivan Beg.

The oft-repeated tale that Montenegro was founded by the refugees
from Kosovo is thus we see mythical, as Kosovo was fought a century
earlier in 1389. Lineally, the Montenegrins are Bosnians,
Herzegovinians and Albanians rather than Serbs of Serbia. Bosnia and
the Herzegovina were independent of the old Kingdom of Serbia, which
explains much of the reluctance of Montenegro to be to-day
incorporated by the Serbs.

Ivan and his refugee tribes successfully resisted the Turkish
attacks on their stronghold and were helped by Venice. But
conversions to Islam became frequent. One of Ivan's own sons turned
Turk and fought against Montenegro. Finally, the last of the
Trsnoievitch line, Ivan II, who had married a Venetian wife, decided
that the leadership of a band of outlaws in the poverty-stricken
mountains was not good enough. He retired to the fleshpots of
Venice, trusting the defence of the district to a civil, hereditary
leader and charging the Vladika [Bishop] with the duty of preventing
ore of his flock going over to Islam, as the Serbs of Bosnia were
now doing in great numbers.

It has been