_ 2. _Pains
from excess, and from defect of motion. No pain is felt during vehement
voluntary exertion; as in cold fits of ague, labour-pains, strangury,
tenesmus, vomiting, restlessness in fevers, convulsion of a wounded
muscle._ 3. _Of holding the breath and screaming in pain; why swine and
dogs cry out in pain, and not sheep and horses. Of grinning and biting
in pain; why mad animals bite others._ 4. _Epileptic convulsions
explained, why the fits begin with quivering of the under jaw, biting
the tongue, and setting the teeth; why the convulsive motions are
alternately relaxed. The phenomenon of laughter explained. Why children
cannot tickle themselves. How some have died from immoderate laughter._
5. _Of cataleptic spasms, of the locked jaw, of painful cramps._ 6.
_Syncope explained. Why no external objects are perceived in syncope._
7. _Of palsy and apoplexy from violent exertions. Case of Mrs. Scot.
From dancing, scating, swimming. Case of Mr. Nairn. Why palsies are not
always immediately preceded by violent exertions. Palsy and epilepsy
from diseased livers. Why the right arm more frequently paralytic than
the left. How paralytic limbs regain their motions._ II. _Diseases of
the sensual motions from excess or defect of voluntary exertion._ 1.
_Madness._ 2. _Distinguished from delirium._ 3. _Why mankind more
liable to insanity than brutes._ 4. _Suspicion. Want of shame, and of
cleanliness._ 5. _They bear cold, hunger, and fatigue. Charles XII. of
Sweden._ 6. _Pleasureable delirium, and insanity. Child riding on a
stick. Pains of martyrdom not felt._ 7. _Dropsy._ 8. _Inflammation
cured by insanity._ III. 1. _Pain relieved by reverie. Reverie is an
exertion of voluntary and sensitive motions._ 2. _Case of reverie._ 3.
_Lady supposed to have two souls._ 4. _Methods of relieving pain._

I. 1. Before we commence this Section on Diseased Voluntary Motions, it may
be necessary to premise, that the word volition is not used in this work
exactly in its common acceptation. Volition is said in Section V. to bear
the same analogy to desire and aversion, which sensation does to pleasure
and pain. And hence that, when desire or aversion produces any action of
the muscular fibres, or of the organs of sense, they are termed volition;
and the actions produced in consequence are termed voluntary actions.
Whence it appears, that moti