which Charles the Twelfth of Sweden was
an instance. They are suited and generally prompted to all great exertions
of genius or labour, as their desires are more extensive and more vehement,
and their powers of attention and of labour greater. It is this facility of
voluntary exertion, which distinguishes men from brutes, and which has made
them lords of the creation.

IV. _The Temperament of increased Association._

This constitution consists in the too great facility, with which the
fibrous motions acquire habits of association, and by which these
associations become proportionably stronger than in those of the other
temperaments. Those of this temperament are slow in voluntary exertions, or
in those dependent on sensation, or on irritation. Hence great memories
have been said to be attended with less sense and less imagination from
Aristotle down to the present time; for by the word memory these writers
only understood the unmeaning repetition of words or numbers in the order
they were received, without any voluntary efforts of the mind.

In this temperament those associations of motions, which are commonly
termed sympathies, act with greater certainty and energy, as those between
disturbed vision and the inversion of the motion of the stomach, as in
sea-sickness; and the pains in the shoulder from hepatic inflammation. Add
to this, that the catenated circles of actions are of greater extent than
in the other constitutions. Thus if a strong vomit or cathartic be
exhibited in this temperament, a smaller quantity will produce as great an
effect, if it be given some weeks afterwards; whereas in other temperaments
this is only to be expected, if it be exhibited in a few days after the
first dose. Hence quartan agues are formed in those of this temperament, as
explained in Section XXXII. on diseases from irritation, and other
intermittents are liable to recur from slight causes many weeks after they
have been cured by the bark.

V. The first of these temperaments differs from the standard of health from
defect, and the others from excess of sensorial power; but it sometimes
happens that the same individual, from the changes introduced into his
habit by the different seasons of the year, modes or periods of life, or by
accidental diseases, passes from one of these temperaments to another. Thus
a long use of too much fermented liquor produces the temperament of
increased sensibility; great indolence and solitude that of