. If a man of any note was found guilty of crimes, an assembly
was held: it must be in an excavated place, (_Grabe_.) There they
strewed ashes over him, and bade him farewell, as if he were
dying. If the offender were one of a lower class, he alone was
punished; but when of rank, the degradation was extended to his
children and grandchildren. With those of the highest rank it
attained to the seventh generation.

'THE KINGDOM AND THE NOBLES.

'The name of the king is pronounced _Ichi_. The nobles of the
first class are termed Tuilu; of the second, Little Tuilu; and of
the third, Na-to-scha. When the prince goes forth he is
accompanied by horns and trumpets. The color of his clothes
changes with the different years. In the first two of the ten-year
cyclus they are blue; in the two next, red; in the two following,
yellow; in the two next, red; and in the last two, black.

'MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.

'The horns of the oxen are so large that they contain ten bushels,
(Schaeffel.) They use them to hold all manner of things. Horses,
oxen and stags, are harnessed to their wagons. Stags are used here
as cattle are used in the Middle Kingdom, and from the milk of the
hind they make butter. The red pears of the Fusang tree keep good
throughout the year. Moreover, they have apples and reeds; from
the latter they prepare mats. _No iron is found in this land; but
copper, gold, and silver are not prized, and do not serve as a
medium of exchange in the market._

'Marriage is determined upon in the following manner. The suitor
builds himself a hut before the door of the house where the one
longed for dwells, and waters and cleans the ground every morning
and evening. When a year has passed by, if the maiden is not
inclined to marry him, he departs; should she he willing, it is
completed. When the parents die, they fast seven days. For the
death of the paternal or maternal grandfather they lament five
days; at the death of elder or younger sisters or brothers, uncles
or aunts, three days. They then sit from morning to evening before
an image of the ghost, absorbed in prayer, but wear no mourning
clothes. When the king dies, the son who succeeds him does not
busy himself for three years with state affairs.

'In earlier times these people lived not according to the laws of
Buddha. But