534.
----, mean density of the, 535.
----, attempt to calculate thickness of its crust, 536.

Earth, electric currents in the, 543.
----, sections of the (_see_ figs. 70, 71), 539.
----, effects produced by powers of vitality on surface, 708.

Earthquakes, chronologically described, 458, _et seq._
----, energy of, probably uniform, 58.
----, earth's surface continually remodelled by, 102.
----, recurrence of, at stated periods, accidental, 345.
----, felt at sea, 358.
----, land elevated by, 458, 455, 457, 462.
----, all countries liable to slight shocks of, 358.
----, phenomena attending, 452.
----, in Cutch, 1819 (_see_ Map), 460.
----, in Calabria, 1783, 471.
----, difficulty of measuring the effects of, 477.
----, chasms formed by, 479.
----, excavation of valleys aided by, 488.
----, renovating effects of, 565.
----, cause of the wave-like motion of, 475, 558.
----, cause of great waves and retreat of sea during, 496, 498.
----, ravages caused by sea during, 499, 501, 730.
----, connection between state of atmosphere and, 561.
----, people entombed in caverns during, 736.
----, causes of volcanoes and, 533.
----, recurrence of, in certain zones of country, 172.
----, of Lisbon, area over which it extended, 496.
----, more frequent in winter, 561.

Eccles, old church of, buried under blown sand, 306.

Edmonstone Island, 279.

Eels, migration of, 647.

Egypt nearly exempt from earthquakes, 9, 358.

Egypt, towns buried under drift-sand in, 726.
----, date of civilization of, according to Bunsen, 636.

Egyptian cosmogony, 8.
----, mummies identical with living species, 585.

Ehrenberg, on Bengal tiger in Siberia, 77.
----, on origin of bog-iron ore, 722.
----, on corals of Red Sea, 777.
----, on ashes enveloping Pompeii, 388.
----, on infusoria in volcanic tuff, 389.

Electricity, a source of volcanic heat, 542.
----, whence derived, 543.

Elephant, fossil, in ice, 45, 80.
----, covered with hair in Delhi, 81.
----, sagacity of, not attributable to intercourse with man, 598.
----, their powers of swimming, 636.

Elevation of land, how caused, 29, 448, 444, 453, 455, 457.
----, proofs of, slow and gradual, 170, 184, 518, 563.

Elevation and subsidence, proportion of, 564.
----, alternate areas of, in Pacific, 790.

Elevation crater theory, 371, 380, 420.

Elevation, valleys of, 420.