inity.]

North of Bethel the Umpog occupies an open valley developed in
limestone. Knolls of limestone rise to heights of about 40 feet above
the floor of the valley and their upper surfaces are cut across the
highly, tilted beds. This truncation, together with a general
correspondence in height, suggests that these knolls, as well as the
rock terraces found between Bethel and West Redding, and the limestone
ridge which forms the divide itself, are portions of what was once a
more continuous terrace produced by stream erosion and that they
determine a former river level. The absence of accurate elevations and
the probability of glacial scour make conclusions regarding the
direction of slope of this dissected rock terrace somewhat uncertain.
As will be indicated later, however, it seems likely that these
terrace remnants mark the course of a southward flowing river that
existed in a very early stage in the development of the drainage.

South of Bethel the old Umpog valley, has lost from one-third to
one-half its width through deposits of stratified drift (Pl. II, A and
B). On the west, gravel beds lie against rock and till; on the east,
deposits of sand and coarse gravel form a bench or terrace from 500 to
700 feet broad, which after following the side of the valley for
one-half mile, crosses it diagonally and joins the western slope as a
row of rounded hills. Through this drift the present stream has cut a
narrow channel.

The narrowest part of the Umpog valley is about one mile south of
Bethel. Farther upstream the valley expands into the flat occupied by
Umpog Swamp, which presents several interesting features. The eastern,
southern, and western sides of the swamp are formed of irregular
masses of limestone and granite-gneiss 20 to 60 feet high. Near the
northwestern edge of the swamp is a terrace-like surface cut on
limestone. Its elevation is about the same as that of the beveled rock
remnants lying in Umpog valley north of Bethel.

[Illustration: ~State Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey. Bull. 30. Plate II.~
A. View up the valley of Umpog Creek. The valley dwindles in the
distance to the "railroad divide." In the middle distance is
Umpog Swamp; in the foreground the edge of the southern end of
row of Kames which points down the valley.

B. View down the valley of Umpog Creek. To the left is the edge of
limestone terrace; in the middle distance is the Catholic
cemetery situated on