les, gift to Boston Athenaeum, 138.

Calhoun, J. C., and annexation of Texas, 211.

Carlyle, Thomas, as historian, 38, 41;
and mathematics, 56, 57;
importance in training of historians, "French Revolution" and
"Frederick," 62-64;
biography, 64;
self-education, 65;
lack of practical experience, 66;
on historical method, 77;
on Gibbon, 115;
on Cromwell, inaccuracy of quotations, 144, 318, 321;
on pecuniary rewards of literary men, 146;
Gladstone on, 155.

Chamberlain, D. H., contested election, 248.

Chamberlain, Joseph, on newspapers and public opinion, 31;
Godkin on, 290.

Chambliss, N. R., on burning of Columbia, 305, 309.

Channing, Edward, on Gardiner, 323.

Charleston, secession movement, 91;
feeling of Union army towards, 306.

_Charleston Courier_, and secession movement, 92.

_Charleston Mercury_, and secession movement, 92.

Chatham, Earl of, on Thucydides, 15.

Choate, Rufus, and Whig nominations in 1852, 87.

Christianity, Gibbon on early church, 131-133.

Cicero, homage to history, 4;
importance to historians, 51;
Gibbon on, 120;
contradictions, 290.

Civil service, J. D. Cox and reform, 186;
spoils system, 209, 211;
need of special training ignored, 210;
reform under Hayes, 221, 254-257;
Reform Bill, 222;
Cleveland and reform, 223, 224;
demand on President's time of appointments, number of presidential
offices, 236;
Godkin and reform, 280.

Civil War, newspapers as historical source on, 32, 92-94;
value of Official Records, 92;
attitude of Lecky, 157;
presidential office during, arbitrary actions, 213-216;
Godkin as correspondent during, 273;
burning of Columbia, 301-313.

Cleveland, Grover, as President, 223-226;
and civil service reform, 223;
soundness on finances, 225;
and railroad riots, 225;
foreign policy, 225;
and disorganization of Democracy, 226;
and public opinion, 231;
as a prime minister, 241, 263;
and Hayes, attends funeral of Hayes, 263;
attitude of Godkin, 285.

Columbia, S. C., burning of, 301-313;
Sherman's and Hampton's accounts discredited, 301-308;
feeling of Union army towards, 306-308;
Sherman's orders on occupation, 307;
verdict of mixed commission on, 308;
mob responsibility, 308-313.

Columbia University, lecture by author at, 47.