f presidential offices, 236;
contact with Congress, 237;
criticisms, 238-240;
success of system, 240-241.

Pritchett, H. S., on McKinley and Philippines, 233.

Public opinion, newspapers as guide, 31, 89-92;
backing of Lincoln's extra-legal actions, 215;
influence on Presidents, 231-234.

Puritans, Macaulay and Gardiner on character, 318.

Pym, John, and Revolution of 1688, 323.

Railroad riots, 1894, Cleveland and use of Federal troops, 225;
1877, cause, 251;
strike and conflicts, 253;
use of Federal troops, 253;
social alarm, 254;
conduct of Hayes, 254.

Ranke, Leopold von, "England," 143.

Raymond, H. J., power as journalist, 90.

Reading, desultory, 64, 65, 199;
facility and retention, 69;
note-making, 76.

Reconstruction, newspapers as historical source, 94, 95;
J. D. Cox's opposition to negro suffrage, 186;
failure, final withdrawal of troops, 248, 249;
attitude of _The Nation_, 282.

Reed, T. B., and power of Speaker, 227.

Reflection in historical work, 37.

Reform act of 1832, Lord John Russell's introduction, 162.

Religion, Gibbon on, under Pagan empire, 126;
Gibbon's treatment of early Christian church, 131-133.

Republican party, newspapers as record of formation, 90;
and sound money, 227, 257.

Resumption of specie payments, opposition and success, 258, 259.

Revolution of 1688, question of Cromwell's influence, 322, 323.

Riots. _See_ Railroad.

Robertson, William, present-day reputation, 40, 111;
Gibbon on, 122.

Rome. _See_ Gibbon, Tacitus.

Roosevelt, Theodore, character, 235;
routine as President, 236, 238.

Ropes, J. C., as military historian, 13.

_Round Table_, character, 279.

Rousseau, J. J., on Gibbon as lover, 137.

Russell, Lord John, and Reform Act of 1832, 162;
Spencer Walpole's biography, 162.

Sainte-Beuve, C. A., style, 53;
on desultory reading, 65;
on biographies of Goethe, 72;
as critic, 72;
on Gibbon, 114, 123;
on Tacitus, 128.

Salisbury, Lord, Godkin on, 290.

Santa Maria in Ara Coeli, Bambino, 107;
connection with Gibbon, 107.

Schofield, J. M., on J. D. Cox, 185.

Schouler, William, power as journalist, 90.

Schurz, Carl, on history as profession, 78;
criticism of Cleveland's Venezuelan policy, 239;
in Ohio campaign of 1875, 246;
Secretary of Interior, a