erican
Colonies liable for debts, "Negroes" were included in "hereditaments"
and therefore "real estate."

[7] Thus early do we find the Abolitionist getting in his fiendish
work--the enemy of society, of God and man!

[8] This ordinance is quoted (_Mich. Hist. Coll._, XII, p. 511, 517)
and its language ascribed to a (non-existent) "wise and humane statute
of Upper Canada of May 31, 1798"--a curious mistake, perhaps in
copying or printing.

In Kingsford's _History of Canada_, Vol. 2, p. 507, we are told: "In
1718, several young men were prosecuted on account of their relations
with Albany carried on through Lake Champlain. One of them, M. de la
Decouverte, had made himself remarkable by bringing back a Negro slave
and some silver ware. One of the New York Livingstones resided in
Montreal and was generally the intermediary in these transactions. The
author adds in a note: "This negro must have been among the first
brought to Canada."

[9] "A peine d'amende arbitraire et de plus grande peine si le cas y
escheoit."

[10] Canada was at this time divided into three Jurisdictions or
Districts--those of Quebec, Trois Rivieres and Montreal.

[11] There are trifling variations in the English text in the several
versions in the _Capitulations and Extracts of Treaties relating to
Canada_, 1797; _Knox's Journal_, Vol. 2, p. 423: _Documents relative
to the Colonial History of the State of New York_, Vol. 10, p. 1107.
That in the text is from Shortt & Doughty's _Constitutional Documents
1759-1791, Canadian Archives Publication_, Ottawa, 1907. There is no
substantial difference in terminology and none at all in meaning. I
give the French version, as to which there is no dispute: "Les Negres
et panis des deux Sexes resteront En leur qualite d'Esclaves, en la
possession des francois et Canadiens a qui Ils apartiement; Il leur
Sera libre de les garder a leur Service dans la Colonie od de les
vendre, Et Ils pourront aussi Continuer a les faire Elever dans la
Religion Romaine."

[12] The Province of Ontario is the proud possessor of many of Paul
Kane's sketches.

[13] Now the Royal Canadian Institute. The paper appears in Series II
of the _Transactions_, Vol. 2, p. 20 (1857).

The use by the Indians of Slaves is noted very early: for example in
Galinee's _Narrative_ of the extraordinary voyage of LaSalle and
others in 1669-70 the travellers are shown to have obtained from the
Indians, slaves as guides. See pp. 21, 27, 43 of Co