two slightly
different types, or classes, and also to distinguish between the
processes by which each type is attained. When the mind, through having
experienced particular dogs, cows, chairs, books, etc., is able to form
such a general, or class, idea as, dog, cow, chair, or book, it is said
to gain a class notion, or concept; and the method by which these ideas
are gained is called _conception_.

=B. Induction.=--When the mind, on the basis of particular experiences,
arrives at some general law, or truth, as, "Any two sides of a triangle
are together greater than the third side"; "Air has weight"; "Man is
mortal"; "Honesty is the best policy"; etc., it is said to form a
universal judgment, and the process by which the judgment is formed is
called a process of _induction_.

=Examples of General and Particular Knowledge.=--When a pupil learns the
St. Lawrence River system as such, he gains a particular experience, or
notion; when he learns of river basins, he obtains a general notion. In
like manner, for the child to realize that here are eight blocks
containing two groups of four blocks, is a particular experience; but
that 4 + 4 = 8, is a general, or universal, truth. To notice this water
rising in a tube as heat is being applied, is a particular experience;
to know that liquids are expanded by heat is a general truth. _The air
above this radiator is rising_ is a particular truth, but _heated air
rises_ is a general truth. _The English people plunged into excesses in
Charles II's reign after the removal of the stern Puritan rule_ is
particular, but a _period of license follows a period of repression_ is
general.

=Distinction is in Ideas, not Things.=--It is to be noted further that
the same object may be treated at one time as a particular individual,
at another time as a member of a class, and at still another time as a
part of a larger individual. Thus the large peninsula on the east of
North America may be thought of now, as the individual, Nova Scotia; at
another time, as a member of the class, province; and at still another
time, as a part of the larger particular individual, Canada.

=Only Two Types of Knowledge.=--It is evident from the foregoing that no
matter what subject is being taught, so far as any person may aim _to
develop a new experience_ in the mind of the pupil, that experience will
be one or other of the two classes mentioned above. If the aim of our
lesson is to have the pupils know the fact