of his journal, the history of which forms the
best monument to his merits and his powers.

The progressive improvement of steam printing machinery was not
affected by Mr. Walter's death, which occurred in 1847. He had given
it an impulse which it never lost. In 1846 Mr. Applegath patented
certain important improvements in the steam press. The general
disposition of his new machine was that of a vertical cylinder 200
inches in circumference, holding on it the type and distributing
surfaces, and surrounded alternately by inking rollers and pressing
cylinders. Mr. Applegath estimated in his specification that in his
new vertical system the machine, with eight cylinders, would print
about 10,000 sheets per hour. The new printing press came into use in
1848, and completely justified the anticipations of its projector.

Applegath's machine, though successfully employed at The Times office,
did not come into general use. It was, to a large extent, superseded
by the invention of Richard M. Hoe, of New York. Hoe's process
consisted in placing the types upon a horizontal cylinder, against
which the sheets were pressed by exterior and smaller cylinders. The
types were arranged in segments of a circle, each segment forming a
frame that could be fixed on the cylinder. These printing machines
were made with from two to ten subsidiary cylinders. The first presses
sent by Messrs. Hoe & Co. to this country were for Lloyd's Weekly
Newspaper, and were of the six-cylinder size. These were followed by
two ten-cylinder machines, ordered by the present Mr. Walter, for The
Times. Other English newspaper proprietors--both in London and the
provinces--were supplied with the machines, as many as thirty-five
having been imported from America between 1856 and 1862. It may be
mentioned that the two ten-cylinder Hoes made for The Times were driven
at the rate of thirty-two revolutions per minute, which gives a
printing rate of 19,200 per hour, or about 16,000 including stoppages.

Much of the ingenuity exercised both in the Applegath and Hoe Machines
was directed to the "chase," which had to hold securely upon its curved
face the mass of movable type required to form a page. And now the
enterprise of the proprietor of The Times again came to the front. The
change effected in the art of newspaper-printing, by the process of
stereotypes, is scarcely inferior to that by which the late Mr. Walter
applied steam-power to the printing pre