is, 1649, p. 24. For representations of Adam created by the
Almighty out of a pile of dust, and of Eve created from a rib of Adam,
see the earlier illustrations in the Nuremberg Chronicle. As to the
relation of anatomy to theology as regards to Adam's rib, see Roth, pp.
154, 155.

A new weapon was now forged: Vesalius was charged with dissecting a
living man, and, either from direct persecution, as the great majority
of authors assert, or from indirect influences, as the recent apologists
for Philip II admit, he became a wanderer: on a pilgrimage to the Holy
Land, apparently undertaken to atone for his sin, he was shipwrecked,
and in the prime of his life and strength he was lost to the world.

And yet not lost. In this century a great painter has again given him to
us. By the magic of Hamann's pencil Vesalius again stands on earth,
and we look once more into his cell. Its windows and doors, bolted and
barred within, betoken the storm of bigotry which rages without; the
crucifix, toward which he turns his eyes, symbolizes the spirit in which
he labours; the corpse of the plague-stricken beneath his hand ceases
to be repulsive; his very soul seems to send forth rays from the canvas,
which strengthen us for the good fight in this age.(322)

(322) The original painting of Vesalius at work in his cell, by Hamann,
is now at Cornell University.

His death was hastened, if not caused, by men who conscientiously
supposed that he was injuring religion: his poor, blind foes aided in
destroying one of religion's greatest apostles. What was his influence
on religion? He substituted, for the repetition of worn-out theories,
a conscientious and reverent search into the works of the great Power
giving life to the universe; he substituted, for representations of the
human structure pitiful and unreal, representations revealing truths
most helpful to the whole human race.

The death of this champion seems to have virtually ended the contest.
Licenses to dissect soon began to be given by sundry popes to
universities, and were renewed at intervals of from three to four years,
until the Reformation set in motion trains of thought which did much to
release science from this yoke.(323)

(323) For a curious example of weapons drawn from Galen and used against
Vesalius, see Lewes, Life of Goethe, p. 343, note. For proofs that I
have not overestimated Vesalius, see Portal, ubi supra. Portal speaks of
him as "le genie le