istory of Civilization in England, vol. ii, pp. 74,
75. Also Henry Morley, in his Clement Marot, and Other Essays. For
Bernouilli and his trouble with the theologians, see Wolf, Biographien
zur Culturgeschichte der Schweiz, vol. ii, p. 95. How different
Mundinus's practice of dissection was from that of Vesalius may be seen
by Cuvier's careful statement that the entire number of dissections by
the former was three; the usual statement is that there were but two.
See Cuvier, Hist. des Sci. Nat., tome ii, p. 7; also Sprengel, Fredault,
Hallam, and Littre. Also Whewell, Hist. of the Inductive Sciences, vol.
iii, p. 328; also, for a very full statement regarding the agency of
Mundinus in the progress of Anatomy, see Portal, vol. i, pp. 209-216.

Still other encroachments upon the theological view were made by the new
school of anatomists, and especially by Vesalius. During the Middle Ages
there had been developed various theological doctrines regarding the
human body; these were based upon arguments showing what the body OUGHT
TO BE, and naturally, when anatomical science showed what it IS, these
doctrines fell. An example of such popular theological reasoning is seen
in a widespread belief of the twelfth century, that, during the year in
which the cross of Christ was captured by Saladin, children, instead of
having thirty or thirty-two teeth as before, had twenty or twenty-two.
So, too, in Vesalius's time another doctrine of this sort was dominant:
it had long been held that Eve, having been made by the Almighty from a
rib taken out of Adam's side, there must be one rib fewer on one side
of every man than on the other. This creation of Eve was a favourite
subject with sculptors and painters, from Giotto, who carved it upon
his beautiful Campanile at Florence, to the illuminators of missals, and
even to those who illustrated Bibles and religious books in the first
years after the invention of printing; but Vesalius and the anatomists
who followed him put an end among thoughtful men to this belief in the
missing rib, and in doing this dealt a blow at much else in the sacred
theory. Naturally, all these considerations brought the forces of
ecclesiasticism against the innovators in anatomy.(321)

(321) As to the supposed change in the number of teeth, see the Gesta
Philippi Augusti Francorum Regis,... descripta a magistro Rigardo, 1219,
edited by Father Francois Duchesne, in Histories Francorum Scriptores,
tom. v, Par