me, in the declaration that "Jenner has saved, is
now saving, and will continue to save in all coming ages, more lives in
one generation than were destroyed in all the wars of Napoleon."

It will have been noticed by those who have read this history thus far
that the record of the Church generally was far more honourable in this
struggle than in many which preceded it: the reason is not difficult to
find; the decline of theology enured to the advantage of religion, and
religion gave powerful aid to science.

Yet there have remained some survivals both in Protestantism and in
Catholicism which may be regarded with curiosity. A small body of
perversely ingenious minds in the medical profession in England have
found a few ardent allies among the less intellectual clergy. The Rev.
Mr. Rothery and the Rev. Mr. Allen, of the Primitive Methodists, have
for sundry vague theological reasons especially distinguished themselves
by opposition to compulsory vaccination; but it is only just to say
that the great body of the English clergy have for a long time taken the
better view.

Far more painful has been the recent history of the other great branch
of the Christian Church--a history developed where it might have been
least expected: the recent annals of the world hardly present a more
striking antithesis between Religion and Theology.

On the religious side few things in the history of the Roman Church have
been more beautiful than the conduct of its clergy in Canada during
the great outbreak of ship-fever among immigrants at Montreal about the
middle of the present century. Day and night the Catholic priesthood of
that city ministered fearlessly to those victims of sanitary ignorance;
fear of suffering and death could not drive these ministers from their
work; they laid down their lives cheerfully while carrying comfort to
the poorest and most ignorant of our kind: such was the record of their
religion. But in 1885 a record was made by their theology. In that year
the smallpox broke out with great virulence in Montreal. The Protestant
population escaped almost entirely by vaccination; but multitudes of
their Catholic fellow-citizens, under some vague survival of the old
orthodox ideas, refused vaccination; and suffered fearfully. When at
last the plague became so serious that travel and trade fell off greatly
and quarantine began to be established in neighbouring cities, an effort
was made to enforce compulsory vaccination. T