The college of St. Come and its lessons.
False traditions as to the Church and surgery and their meaning

PAPAL PHYSICIANS. 199

Belief in miracles and progress in medicine.
Prayer and healing.
The men the Popes chose as their medical advisers.
Names greater than those of the medical faculty of any university.
Guy of Montpelier, Richard the Englishman, Pope John XXI.,
Simon Januensis and the first medical dictionary.
Arnold of Villanova.
Guy de Chauliac.
Cecco di Ascolo.
Joannes de Tornamira.
Francis of Siena.
Baverius of Imola.
John de Vigo.
Columbus.
Eustachius.
Varolius.
Piccolomini.
Caesalpinus.
Malpighi.
Tozzi.
Lancisi.
Morgagni.
Contributions to the biological sciences from Papal Physicians.

THE POPES AND MEDICAL EDUCATION AND THE PAPAL MEDICAL SCHOOL. 222

Papal Medical School at Rome since 1300.
Supported by revenues from Popes at Avignon.
Previous Papal relations to medicine.
Monte Cassino and Salerno.
Pope Sylvester II. and medicine.
Medical schools and the ecclesiastical authorities.
A great physician made Pope.
The Renaissance and the re-established Papal Medical School.
Columbus original discoverer and practical teacher.
Attendance at his lessons.
His book dedicated to Pope.
Other medical dedications to Popes.
Eustachius's work.
Piccolomini as a great teacher.
Caesalpinus the probable discoverer of the circulation of the blood.
Father Kircher's work at Rome.
Malpighi the Father of Comparative Anatomy.
Tozzi the best teacher of his time.
Lancisi as a founder in clinical medicine.
On Sudden Death.
Morgagni's place as an adviser.
Bologna in the Papal dominions.
Medical schools at Ferrara and Perugia.
Protestant traditions with regard to the Popes and medicine.

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THE FOUNDATION OF CITY HOSPITALS. 248

Pope Innocent III., the Father of City Hospitals.
Santo Spirito at Rome.
Virchow on the effect of this in Germany.
French hospitals and the Hotel Dieu.
English hospitals.
The five royal hospitals.
Virchow's tribute to Pope Innocent III.
Hospital regulation.
Care for the poor.
Longings of patients.
Religious nurses and modern nursing.
Virchow's opinion.
Contemporaries on hospital accomplishment.
Magnificent hospital building.
Models for all future time.
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