en discovered. These Palaeolithic men of the river drift were a
race of stunted savages who did not cultivate the ground, but lived on
the animals which they killed, and must have had great difficulty in
procuring food, as they did not know how to make handles for their
sharpened flints, and must therefore have had to hold them in their
hands.

[Illustration: Palaeolithic flint scraper from Icklingham, Suffolk.
(Evans.)]

[Illustration: Palaeolithic flint implement from Hoxne, Suffolk.]

2. =Cave-dwelling Palaeolithic Man.=--This race was succeeded by
another which dwelt in caves. They, as well as their predecessors, are
known as Palaeolithic men, as their weapons were still very rude. As,
however, they had learnt to make handles for them, they could
construct arrows, harpoons, and javelins. They also made awls and
needles of stone; and, what is more remarkable, they possessed a
decided artistic power, which enabled them to indicate by a few
vigorous scratches the forms of horses, mammoths, reindeer, and other
animals. Vast heaps of rubbish still exist in various parts of Europe,
which are found to consist of the bones, shells, and other refuse
thrown out by these later Palaeolithic men, who had no reverence for
the dead, casting out the bodies of their relations to decay with as
little thought as they threw away oyster-shells or reindeer-bones.
Traces of Palaeolithic men of this type have been found as far north as
Derbyshire. Their descendants are no longer be met with in these
islands. The Eskimos of the extreme north of America, however, have
the same artistic faculty and the same disregard for the dead, and it
has therefore been supposed that the cave-dwelling men were of the
race to which the modern Eskimos belong.

[Illustration: Engraved bone from Cresswell Crags, Derbyshire, now in
the British Museum (full size).]

[Illustration: Neolithic flint arrow-head from Rudstone, Yorks.
(Evans.)]

[Illustration: Neolithic celt or cutting instrument from Guernsey.
(Evans.)]

[Illustration: Neolithic axe from Winterbourn Steepleton, Dorset.
(Evans.)]

[Illustration: Early British Pottery.]

3. =Neolithic Man.=--Ages passed away during which the climate became
more temperate, and the earth's surface in these regions sank to a
lower level. The seas afterwards known as the North Sea and the
English Channel flowed over the depression; and an island was thus
formed out of land which had once been part of the conti