n 131

" " sons and grandchildren of Henry II. 156

" " John's sons and grandsons 208

" " claimants of the Scottish throne 216

" " more important sons of Edward III. 265

" " claimants of the throne in 1399 286

" " kings of Scotland from Robert Bruce to James I. 295

" " Nevills 324

" " Houses of Lancaster and York 327

" " Beauforts and Tudors 335

" " House of York 337

" " Woodvilles and Greys 338

Abbreviated genealogy of Henry VII. and his competitors 344

Genealogy of the Houses of Spain and Burgundy 349

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

PART I.

_ENGLAND BEFORE THE NORMAN CONQUEST._

CHAPTER I.

PREHISTORIC AND ROMAN BRITAIN.

LEADING DATES

Caesar's first invasion B.C. 55
Invasion of Aulus Plautius A.D. 43
Recall of Agricola 84
Severus in Britain 208
End of the Roman Government 410

1. =Palaeolithic Man of the River-Drift.=--Countless ages ago, there
was a period of time to which geologists have given the name of the
Pleistocene Age. The part of the earth's surface afterwards called
Britain was then attached to the Continent, so that animals could pass
over on dry land. The climate was much colder than it is now, and it
is known from the bones which have been dug up that the country was
inhabited by wolves, bears, mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, and other
creatures now extinct. No human remains have been found amongst these
bones, but there is no doubt that men existed contemporaneously with
their deposit, because, in the river drift, or gravel washed down by
rivers, there have been discovered flints sharpened by chipping, which
can only have been produced by the hand of man. The men who used them
are known as Palaeolithic, or the men of ancient stone, because these
stone implements are rougher and therefore older than others which
have be