ced into England, 129;
decline of asceticism amongst, 167;
are fined by John, 179.

Clare, Gilbert de, _see_ Gloucester, Earl of.

Clare, Richard de, _see_ Strongbow.

Clare, Richard de, _see_ Gloucester, Earl of.

Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, sent to Ireland, 265.

Clarence, George, Duke of, brother of Edward IV., created a
duke, 329;
marries Warwick's daughter, and quarrels with Edward IV., 332;
put to death, 336.

Clarence, Thomas, Duke of, brother of Henry IV., killed at
Bauge, 306.

Clarendon, the Constitutions of, 144;
the assize of, 146.

Claudius, the Emperor, plans the conquest of Britain, 13.

Clergy, the, _see_ Ecclesiastical Courts, England, Church of.

_Clericis Laicos_, the Bull named, 220.

Clifford, Lord, stabs the Earl of Rutland, 328.

Cluny, clerical celibacy inculcated at, 67;
reforms originated at, 107.

Cnut, reign of, 83-85.

Cobham, Eleanor, mistress and wife of the Duke of Gloucester, 315;
does penance for witchcraft, 316.

Colleges, first foundation of, at Oxford, 207.

Colman disputes with Wilfrid, 50.

Columba founds a monastery at Iona, 47.

Columbus discovers the West Indies, 354.

Commerce between Britain and Gaul, 8, 12;
between England and Gaul, 38;
under the Angevin kings, 168;
under Edward I., 211;
under Edward III., 235, 236;
under Henry VII., 351.

Common Pleas, establishment of a separate Court of, 212.

Commons, the House of (_see_ Parliament), finally separated
from the Lords, 243;
struggle of, against unparliamentary taxation, 244;
importance of the constitution of, 245;
supported by the Black Prince, 261;
influence over the elections of, 281;
proposes to confiscate Church property, 294;
addressed by Edward IV., 329.

Compurgation, system of, 32;
set aside by Henry II., 146, 147.

Comyn, John (the Red), slain by Bruce, 224.

_Confirmatio Cartarum_, 221.

Conrad III., Emperor, takes part in the second Crusade, 157.

Constance of Brittany marries Geoffrey, 155.

Constantine takes an army from Britain, 25.

Constantine, king of the Scots, allies himself with Eadward, 63.

Constantine the Great becomes sole Emperor, 22;
acknowledges Christianity as the religion of the Empire, 23.

Constantius, the Emperor, 22.

Constitutions of Clarendon, 144;
renounced by Henry II., 153.

C