d 11 November 1962

Kyrgyzstan
adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by
President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February
2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the
expense of the legislature

Laos
promulgated 14 August 1991

Latvia
15 February 1922; an October 1998 amendment on Fundamental
Human Rights replaced the 1991 Constitutional Law, which had
supplemented the constitution

Lebanon
23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recently
Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of
October 1989

Lesotho
2 April 1993

Liberia
6 January 1986

Libya
11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977

Liechtenstein
5 October 1921

Lithuania
adopted 25 October 1992

Luxembourg
17 October 1868, occasional revisions

Macau
Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's
Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"

Macedonia
adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991
note: in November of 2001, the Macedonian Assembly approved a series
of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights

Madagascar
19 August 1992 by national referendum

Malawi
18 May 1994

Malaysia
31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963

Maldives
adopted January 1998

Mali
adopted 12 January 1992

Malta
1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974
and again in 1987

Man, Isle of
unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act,
1961, does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution

Marshall Islands
1 May 1979

Martinique
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Mauritania
12 July 1991

Mauritius
12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Mayotte
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Mexico
5 February 1917

Micronesia, Federated States of
10 May 1979

Moldova
new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet
constitution of 1979

Monaco
17 December 1962

Mongolia
12 February 1992

Montserrat
present constitution came into force 19 December 1989

Morocco
10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create
bicameral legislature) September 1996

Mozambique
30 November 1990

Namibia
ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990

Nauru
29 January 1968

Nepal
9 November 1990

Netherlands
adopted 1815; amended many times, last time 2002

Netherlands Antilles
29