microwave
radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased
connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the
completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE)
fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be independent of Russian
facilities for international communications; Inmarsat also provides
an international connection, albeit an expensive one; satellite
earth stations - NA (1998)

Radio broadcast stations:
AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 10 (1998)

Radios:
10.8 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
4 (plus two repeaters that relay Russian programs), 1 cable
rebroadcaster in Tashkent; approximately 20 stations in regional
capitals (2003)

Televisions:
6.4 million (1997)

Internet country code:
.uz

Internet hosts:
1,040 (2003)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
42 (2000)

Internet users:
492,000 (2003)

Transportation Uzbekistan

Railways:
total: 3,950 km
broad gauge: 3,950 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2003)

Highways:
total: 81,600 km
paved: 71,237 km
unpaved: 10,363 km (1999 est.)

Waterways:
1,100 km (2004)

Pipelines:
gas 9,149 km; oil 869 km; refined products 33 km (2004)

Ports and harbors:
Termiz (Amu Darya)

Airports:
247 (2003 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
total: 33
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 14
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 4 (2003 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 214
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 200 (2003 est.)

Military Uzbekistan

Military branches:
Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard

Military manpower - military age and obligation:
18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service
obligation - 12 months (2004)

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 7,126,325 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 5,783,740 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 321,886 (2004 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$200 million (FY97)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
2% (FY97)

Transnational Issues Uzbekistan

Disputes - international:
prolonged drought and cotton monoculture creates water-sharing
difficulties for Amu Darya river states; delimitation with
Kazakhstan complete with demarcation un