by F.
Cunningham). An English translation is given in Mosheim, "Ecclesiastical
History," bk. 3, cent. 11, part 2, ch. 2, sec. 9, note 8 (Soames' ed., tr.
by Murdock).

Page 59. PURGATORY.--Dr. Joseph Faa Di Bruno thus defines purgatory:
"Purgatory is a state of suffering after this life, in which those souls
are for a time detained, who depart this life after their deadly sins have
been remitted as to the stain and guilt, and as to the everlasting pain
that was due to them; but who have on account of those sins still some
debt of temporal punishment to pay; as also those souls which leave this
world guilty only of venial sins."--"_Catholic Belief_," _page 196_ (ed.
1884; imprimateur Archbishop of New York).

See also K. R. Hagenbach, "Compendium of the History of Doctrines," Vol.
I, pp. 234-237, 405, 408; Vol. II, pp. 135-150, 308, 309 (T. & T. Clark
ed.); Chas. Elliott, "Delineation of Roman Catholicism," bk. 2, ch. 12;
Catholic Encyclopaedia, art. Purgatory.

Page 59. INDULGENCES.--For a detailed history of the doctrine of
indulgences, see the Catholic Encyclopaedia, art. Indulgences (contributed
by W. H. Kent, O. S. C., of Bayswater, London); Carl Ullmann, "Reformers
before the Reformation," Vol. I, bk. 2, part 1, ch. 2; M. Creighton,
"History of the Papacy," Vol. V, pp. 56-64, 71; L. von Ranke, "History of
the Reformation in Germany," bk. 2, ch. 1, par. 131, 132, 139-142, 153-155
(2d London ed., 1845, tr. by S. Austin, Vol. I, pp. 331, 335-337,
343-346); Chas. Elliott, "Delineation of Roman Catholicism," bk. 2, ch.
13; H. C. Lea, "A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences;" G. P.
Fisher, "The Reformation," ch. 4, par. 7.

On the practical outworkings of the doctrine of indulgences during the
period of the Reformation, see a paper by Dr. H. C. Lea, entitled,
"Indulgences in Spain," published in "Papers of the American Society of
Church History," Vol. I, pp. 129-171. Of the value of this historical
sidelight, Dr. Lea says, in his opening paragraph: "Unvexed by the
controversy which raged between Luther and Dr. Eck and Silvester Prierias,
Spain continued tranquilly to follow in the old and beaten path, and
furnishes us with the incontestable official documents which enable us to
examine the matter in the pure light of history."

Page 59. THE MASS.--On the doctrine of the mass, see Cardinal Wiseman's
work, "The Real Presence of the Body and Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ in
the Blessed Eucharist;" also Cat