at
the people connected with the shipping interests got up petitions, and
intrigued and wire-pulled for months to get the Governor of California
to pardon him. Failing in this, they approached the President; but I am
heartily glad their efforts were vain.

One of my own shipmates in the _Coloma_, of Portland, Oregon, was once
with a commander of this class, and so bad was his reputation that no
one among the crew knew until they were under way who the captain was.
My mate said, "I was at the wheel when I saw him come up the companion,
and, as I had sailed with him before, my blood ran cold when I
recognised him. He came straight up to the wheel, stared at me, and
asked me, 'Haven't you sailed with me before?' 'Yes, sir,' I answered.
Then he grinned, 'Ha, then you know me. When you go forward you tell the
crowd what kind of a man I am, and tell them that if they behave
themselves I'll be a father to 'em.' I knew what his being a father to
us meant. However, I didn't see any good in scaring the fellows, so when
my trick was over I told them the skipper was a real beauty. Just then
there was a roar from the poop, 'Relieve the wheel'; and the man who had
relieved me came staggering forrard with his face smothered in blood. He
had let her run off a quarter of a point or so, and the skipper, without
saying a word, struck him right between the eyes with the end of his
brass telescope, cutting his nose and forehead in great gashes. That was
his way of being a father to us, and he kept it up all the passage. The
first chance I got I skinned out!"

It is true that the American mercantile marine is not so bad as it was.
These things do not occur in all vessels, but even yet they occur so
frequently that an English sailor would, as a general rule, rather sail
with the devil himself than an American skipper. What the state of
affairs was some twenty or thirty years ago one can hardly imagine, but
it certainly was much worse then. Shanghai-ing is not so much practised.
There is a story current among seamen, though I know not how true it is,
that it was checked owing to the lieutenant of an English man-of-war
being drugged and carried on board an American merchant-man. However,
there is now, or was but lately, a boarding-house keeper in San
Francisco whose Christian or first name had been abolished in favour of
"Shanghai." I had the very doubtful honour of knowing him, and could
easily believe any stories told of his chicanery and tr