that day's work,
though I got wet through, covered with mud, and very tired, I saved $32.

When on board the east-bound train next day I got talking with some
dozen men who were going east with me, and, naturally enough, we asked
each other what fares we had paid, I found they varied greatly, but the
average was about $60. One little Jew, a tobacconist, was very proud
that his only cost $48. He almost wept when I told him that I beat him
by eight whole dollars. Moreover, I reached New York twenty hours before
him, for when we parted at Chicago we made arrangements to meet in New
York, and then I found that he had been obliged to round into Canada,
and lie over all one night, while I had come direct on the Chicago and
Alton with only two hours' wait at Lima; so on the whole I did not think
I did very badly.

AMERICAN SHIPMASTERS

It may seem strange to people who are entirely unacquainted with the
methods of shipmasters and officers generally in the American mercantile
marine that a sailor should have such a deadly objection to sail in one
of their vessels; but those who know the hideous brutalities which
continually occur on such ships will quite understand the feelings of a
man who finds himself on a vessel which would probably have been manned
willingly if it had not a bad character among seamen. I have known an
American vessel lie six weeks and more off Sandridge, Melbourne, waiting
for a crew, which she could not get, although men were very plentiful
and the boarding-houses full. There are some vessels running from New
York, etc., round the Horn to San Francisco, which have a villainous
reputation. The captain of one of these was sentenced to eighteen
months in the Penitentiary when I was in the great Pacific Port for
incredible atrocities practised on his crew. For one thing, he shot
repeatedly at men who were up aloft, and hit one of them who was on the
main-yard, though not so seriously as to make him quit his hold of the
jack-stay. One of the ship's boys was treated with barbarity during the
whole passage; thrashed, beaten, starved, and ill-used in the vilest
manner; and at last the captain knocked him down and jumped on his face
so as to blind him for life. This man went a little too far, and the
courts, which are always biassed, and very much biassed considering
their origin, on the side of rich authority, were compelled to do their
duty by the uproar that this last incident caused. Yet even after th