vols. xvi.-xix.]

[Footnote 1126: This had been asserted by Henry as
early as 1524; Scotland was only to be included in
the peace negotiations of that year as "a fief of
the King of England"; it was to be recognised that
_supremum ejus dominium_ belonged to Henry, as did
the guardianship of James and government of the
kingdom during his minority (_Sp. Cal._, ii., 680).
For the assertion of supremacy in 1543 see the
present writer's _England under Somerset_, p. 173;
_L. and P._, xvii., 1033. In 1527 Mendoza declared
that all wise people in England preferred a project
for marrying the Princess Mary to James V. to her
betrothal to Francis I. or the Dauphin (_Sp. Cal._,
iii., 156) and that the Scots match was the one
really intended by Henry (_ibid._, p. 192; _cf. L.
and P._, v., 1078, 1286).]

The negotiations lasted throughout the summer of 1542. In October
Norfolk crossed the Borders. The transport broke down; the commissariat
was most imperfect; and Sir George Lawson of Cumberland was unable to
supply the army with sufficient beer.[1127] Norfolk had to turn back
at Kelso, having accomplished nothing beyond devastation.[1128] James
now sought his revenge. He replied to Norfolk's invasion on the East
by throwing the Scots across the Borders on the West. The Warden was
warned by his spies, but he had only a few hundreds to meet the
thousands of Scots. But, if Norfolk's invasion was an empty parade,
the Scots attempt was a fearful rout. Under their incompetent leader,
Oliver Sinclair, they got entangled in Solway Moss; enormous numbers
were slain or taken prisoners, and among them were some of the greatest
men in Scotland. James died broken-hearted at the news, leaving his
kingdom to the week-old infant, Mary, Queen of Scots.[1129] The triumph
of Flodden Field was repeated; a second Scots King had fallen; (p. 408)
and, for a second time in Henry's reign, Scotland was a prey to the
woes of a royal minority.

[Footnote 1127: _L. and P._, xvii., 731, 754, 771.]

[Footnote 1128: _Ibid._, xvii., 996-98, 1000-1,
1037.]

[Footnote 1129: See _Hamilto