110
Regulation by taxation 110
Extermination by taxation 110
Protective tariff 112
Spending for the general welfare 112
Hamilton _v._ Madison 113
Triumph of Hamiltonian theory 113
Security Act Cases, The 115
Earmarked funds 116
Conditional grants-in-aid 116
"Debts of the United States" 116
Clause 2. Borrowing power 117
Clause 3. Power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce 118
Purpose of the clause 118
Definition of terms: Gibbons _v._ Ogden 118
"Commerce" 118
"Commerce" today 119
"Necessary and proper" clause 121
"Among the several States" 121
"Regulate" 123
Interstate versus foreign commerce 123
Instruments of commerce 125
Congressional regulation of waterways 126
Navigation 126
Hydroelectric power 130
Congress' jurisdiction over navigable streams today 131
Purposes for which power may be generated 131
Congressional regulation of land transportation 132
Early Acts: Federal provision for highways 132
Beginnings of federal railway regulation 132
Regulation of rates: Interstate Commerce Commission 133
Interstate Commerce Commission today 135
Shreveport Case 135
Act of 1920 and State railway rate regulation 136
Regulation of other agents of carriage and communication 137
Acts of Congress protective of labor engaged in interstate
transportation