Footnotes:

{3a} Compare De Cara: Essame Critico, xx. i.

{3b} Revue de l'Hist. des Rel. ii. 136.

{4} Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte, p. 431.

{5} Prim. Cult. i. 394.

{11a} A study of the contemporary stone age in Scotland will be found in
Mitchell's Past and Present.

{11b} About twenty years ago, the widow of an Irish farmer, in Derry,
killed her deceased husband's horse. When remonstrated with by her
landlord, she said, 'Would you have my man go about on foot in the next
world?' She was quite in the savage intellectual stage.

{12} At the solemn festival suppers, ordained for the honour of the
gods, they forget not to serve up certain dishes of young whelp's flesh.
(Pliny, H. N. xxix. 4.)

{15} Nov. 1880.

{18} 'Ah, once again may I plant the great fan on her corn-heap, while
she stands smiling by, Demeter of the threshing floor, with sheaves and
poppies in her hands' (Theocritus, vii. 155-157).

{20} Odyssey, xi. 32.

{28} Rev. de l'Hist. des Rel., vol. ii.

{33} Pausanias, iii. 15. When the boys were being cruelly scourged, the
priestess of Artemis Orthia held an ancient barbaric wooden image of the
goddess in her hands. If the boys were spared, the image grew heavy; the
more they were tortured, the lighter grew the image. In Samoa the image
(shark's teeth) of the god Taema is consulted before battle. 'If it felt
heavy, that was a bad omen; if light, the sign was good'--the god was
pleased (Turner's Samoa, p. 55).

[Bull-roarer: 35.jpg]

{34} Kamilaroi and Kurnai, p. 268.

{35} Fison, Journal Anthrop. Soc., Nov. 1883.

{36a} Taylor's New Zealand, p. 181.

{36b} This is not the view of le Pere Lafitau, a learned Jesuit
missionary in North America, who wrote (1724) a work on savage manners,
compared with the manners of heathen antiquity. Lafitau, who was greatly
struck with the resemblances between Greek and Iroquois or Carib
initiations, takes Servius's other explanation of the mystica vannus, 'an
osier vessel containing rural offerings of first fruits.' This exactly
answers, says Lafitau, to the Carib Matoutou, on which they offer sacred
cassava cakes.

{37} The Century Magazine, May 1883.

{39} [Greek]. Lobeck, Aglaophamus (i. p. 700).

{40a} De Corona, p. 313.

{40b} Savage Africa. Captain Smith, the lover of Pocahontas, mentions
the custom in his work on Virginia, pp. 245-248.

{40c} Brough Smyth, i. 60, using evidence of Howitt, Taplin, T