ous are the following:--the _Star of South Africa_, or _Dudley_,
mentioned above, 83-1/2 carats rough, 46-1/2 carats cut. The _Stewart_,
288-3/8 carats rough, 120 carats cut. Both these were found in the river
diggings. The _Porter Rhodes_ from Kimberley, of the finest water,
weighed about 150 carats. The _Victoria_, 180 carats, was cut from an
octahedron weighing 457-1/2 carats, and was sold to the nizam of
Hyderabad for L400,000. The _Tiffany_, a magnificent orange-yellow
stone, weighs 125-1/2 carats cut. A yellowish octahedron found at De
Beers weighed 428-1/2 carats, and yielded a brilliant of 288-1/2 carats.
Some of the finest and largest stones have come from the Jagersfontein
mine; one, the _Jubilee_, found in 1895, weighed 640 carats in the rough
and 239 carats when cut. Until 1905 the largest known diamond in the
world was the _Excelsior_, found in 1893 at Jagersfontein by a native
while loading a truck. It weighed 971 carats, and was ultimately cut
into ten stones weighing from 68 to 13 carats. But all previous records
were surpassed in 1905 by a magnificent stone more than three times the
size of any known diamond, which was found in the yellow ground at the
newly discovered Premier mine in the Transvaal. This extraordinary
diamond weighed 3025-3/4 carats (11/3 lb.) and was clear and water
white; the largest of its surfaces appeared to be a cleavage plane, so
that it might be only a portion of a much larger stone. It was known as
the _Cullinan Diamond_. This stone was purchased by the Transvaal
government in 1907 and presented to King Edward VII. It was sent to
Amsterdam to be cut, and in 1908 was divided into nine large stones and
a number of small brilliants. The four largest stones weigh 516-1/2
carats, 309-3/16 carats, 92 carats and 62 carats respectively. Of these
the first and second are the largest brilliants in existence. All the
stones are flawless and of the finest quality.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--Boetius de Boot, _Gemmarum et lapidum historia_ (1609);
D. Jeffries, _A Treatise on Diamonds and Pearls_ (1757); J. Mawe,
_Travels in the Interior of Brazil_ (1812); _Treatise on Diamonds and
Precious Stones_ (1813): Pinder, _De adamante_ (1829); Murray, _Memoir
on the Nature of the Diamond_ (1831); C. Zerenner, _De adamante
dissertatio_ (1850); H. Emanuel, _Diamonds and Precious Stones_
(1865); A. Schrauf, _Edelsteinkunde_ (1869); N. Jacobs and N.
Chatrian, _Monographie du diamant_ (1880); V. Ball,