Audebert,
_L'Affaire du collier de la reine, d'apres la correspondance inedite
du chevalier de Pujol_ (Rouen, 1901); F. d'Albini, _Marie Antoinette
and the Diamond Necklace from another Point of View_ (London, 1900);
Funck-Brentano, _L'Affaire du collier_ (1903); A. Lang, _Historical
Mysteries_ (1904). Carlyle's essay on _The Diamond Necklace_ (first
published in 1837 in _Fraser's Magazine_) is of historical literary
interest.

DIANA, in Roman mythology, an old Italian goddess, in later times
identified with the Greek Artemis (q.v.). That she was originally an
independent Italian deity is shown by her name, which is the feminine
form of Janus (= Dianus). She is essentially the goddess of the moon and
light generally, and presides over wood, plain and water, the chase and
war. As the goddess of childbirth, she was known, like Juno, by the name
of Lucina, the "bringer to light." As the moon-goddess she was also
identified with Hecate, and invoked as "three-formed" in reference to
the phases of the moon. Her most celebrated shrine was in a grove at
Aricia (whence her title of Nemorensis) near the modern lake of Nemi.
Here she was worshipped side by side with a male deity Virbius, a god of
the forest and the chase. This Virbius was subsequently identified with
Hippolytus, the favourite of Artemis, who was said to have been brought
to life by Aesculapius and conducted by Diana to Aricia (Ovid, _Fasti_,
iii. 263, vi. 731, _Metam._ xv. 497; Virgil, _Aeneid_, vii. 761). A
barbarous custom, perhaps reminiscent of human sacrifice once offered to
her, prevailed in connexion with her ritual here; her priest, called
_Rex Nemorensis_, who was a runaway slave, was obliged to qualify for
office by slaying his predecessor in single combat (Strabo v. p. 239;
Suetonius, _Caligula_, 35). This led to the identification of Diana with
the Tauric Artemis, whose image was said to have been removed by Orestes
to the grove of Aricia (see ARICINI).

After the destruction of Alba Longa this grove was for a long time the
united sanctuary of the neighbouring Latin and Rutulian cities, until at
last it was extinguished beneath the supremacy of Rome. The festival of
the goddess was on the ides (13th) of August, the full moon of the hot
season. She was worshipped with torches, her aid was sought by women
seeking a happy deliverance in childbirth, and many votive offerings
have been found on the site. The worship of Diana was brough