d
give such an order, and impossible that he should live through its
execution.

Hume and Lingard do not allude to the "discipline;" and the silence of the
latter is important. Henry says:

"Having expressed great penitence for his vices, and having undergone a
very severe discipline from the hands of the clergy, who attended him
in his last moments," &c.--Vol. iii. p. 161. ed. 1777.

He cites Brompton, and there I find the penance given much stronger than in
_The Tablet_:

"Praecepitque pedes sibi ligari, et in altum suspendi nudumque corpus
flagellis caedi et lacerari, donec ipse praeciperat ut silerent. Cumque
diu caederetur, ex praecepto, ad modicum siluerunt. Et spiritu iterum
reassumpto, hoc idem secundo ac tertio in abundantia sanguinis
compleverunt. Tamdiu in se revertens, afferri viaticum sibi jussit et
se velut proditorem et hostem, contra dominum suum ligatis pedibus fune
trahi."

This is taken from Brompton's Chronicle in _Decem Scriptores Historiae
Anglicanae_, 1652, p. 1279., edited by Selden. As Brompton lived in the
reign of Edward III., he is not a high authority upon any matter in that of
Richard I. I cannot find any other. Hoveden and Knyghton are silent. Is the
fact stated elsewhere? Hoveden states, and the modern historians follow
him, that after the king's death, Marchader seized the archer, flayed him
alive, and then hanged him. My medical authority says, that no man could be
flayed _alive_: and that the most skilful operator could not remove the
skin of one arm from the elbow to the wrist, before the patient would die
from the shock to his system.

Mr. Riley, in a note on the passage in Hoveden, cites from the _Winchester
Chronicle_ a possible account of Gurdum being tortured to death. The
historian of _The Tablet_, in the same article, says:

"We are far from attributing absolute perfection to the son of Henry
II., one of that awful race popularly believed to be descended from the
devil. When Henry, as a boy, practising Whiggery by revolting against
his father, was presented to St. Bernard at the Court of the King of
France, the saint looked at him with a sort of terror, and said, 'From
the Devil you came, and to the Devil you will go.'"

The fact that Henry II. rebelled against his father is not given in any
history which I have {73} read; and the popular belief in the remarkable
descent of Henry, and consequently of our p