n supplemented by the introduction of new instruments of manufacture.
Both English and American machines now do much of the work that was
formerly done by hand, and in the cities there is growing up a new
manufacturing population.

Industrial missions are a great blessing to India, and our religious
denominations have shown their practical sense by entering upon this
sort of work. When a native becomes a convert to Christianity, he is
often thrown out of caste by his family, and out of labor by his
employers. He must support himself; he must find something to do. But he
is friendless and helpless, unless he can find friendship and help in
the mission where he has been converted. It is necessary to secure
employment for him, if he is not to become an encumbrance to the
mission and to himself. Hence I welcome all gifts for industrial
missions that will teach men new methods of obtaining a livelihood.
India, as I have said, has a vast agricultural population, now scantily
subsisting and subject to occasional famines. Multitudes who are now
idle might be usefully employed. The change now going on in our Southern
States might well go on in Southern India, and I welcome the sight of
the factory chimneys of Ahmedabad.

Ahmedabad is not yet converted to Christianity. It is a celebrated
stronghold of Jainism, and here is another most splendid temple. It
was instructive to see the little houses on poles for the care of
birds, and for the feeding of lazy monkeys, while the poor and sick of
human kind in the neighborhood begged in vain for help. The Jain
temples are noted in all India for their beauty. Carving and gilding
can go no farther than they have gone in the decoration of this shrine
in Ahmedabad. But the troop of monkeys that came to us in the park to
be fed, seemed to us quite as sensitive to human needs as were the
holy men who sat about that temple of the Jains, for these latter
devotees use God's gifts not rationally, but for inferior ends, and
especially for their own interest and comfort. Ahmedabad is an
example, not of the worst, but still of a misplaced, religious zeal
that has lost its bearings because it has lost its God.

IX

BOMBAY, KEDGAON, AND MADRAS

Bombay is a great city, the second, in population, of the British Empire
in India. While Calcutta has over a million people, Bombay comes only a
few short of that number. Its commerce is immense; its public buildings
are fashioned after European mo