battle of, viii. 202;
war of, i. 233, 234

Touraine
conquered by the Angevins, i. 212;
by Philip Augustus, 269;
ceded to France, ii. 63

Tournaments under Edward III., ii. 251

Tournay besieged by Edward III., ii. 228

Tours
won by Geoffry Martel, i. 212;
by Philip Augustus, 258;
council of, 235

Tourville, Admiral, vii. 75, 78

Towns, English,
their origin, i. 294, 295;
early constitution, 296;
common lands, _ib._;
relation to their lords, _ib._, 297;
administration of justice in, 297, 313;
emancipation, 300-302;
struggle of classes in, 315-318;
their liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;
settlement of Friars in, ii. 10, 11;
support Simon de Montfort, 68, 69;
represented in county court, 73;
representatives of, summoned to Parliament, _ib._;
taxation of, 152, 153;
forced labour in, 257;
strikes and combinations in, 267;
support the House of York, iii. 76;
restriction of franchise in, 99-101;
Charles II.'s dealings with, vii. 3.
_See_ Boroughs

Townshend, Charles, second Viscount,
Secretary of State and Prime Minister, vii. 182, 189;
resigns, 190;
returns to office, 191;
Secretary again under Walpole, 193;
turned out, 203

Townshend, Charles, vii. 247;
takes office under Pitt, 250;
deserts him, 303;
President of Board of Trade, 310;
refuses office under Grenville, 315;
accepts it again under Chatham, 341;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, viii. 3;
death, 4

Townshend's _Journal of Parliamentary Proceedings_, iv. 5

Township, the Old English, i. 11

Towton, battle of, iii. 79, 80

Trade, English,
under Eadgar, i. 138;
growth after Norman Conquest, 177;
regulated by Great Charter, 352;
under Edward I., ii. 106, 107, 122;
Richard's II.'s care for, 355;
increase in fifteenth century, iii. 106;
Edward's IV.'s laws for protection of, _ib._;
growth under Richard III., iv. 282;
under Henry VII., _ib._;
under Elizabeth, 279-283; v. 77;
struggle of the Commons for its freedom, 57, 58;
Parliament gains control over, vii. 63;
foreign, regulated by Statute of Staples, ii. 292;
extension under Charles I., v. 281;
effects of the Continental System on, viii. 177;
effect of the American embargo on, 183;
growth during the French war, 194;
with Engl