final _e_ is preceded by a vowel, it is
sometimes omitted; as, due + ly = duly; true + ly = truly; whole + ly =
wholly.

EXCEPTION 2.--A few words ending in _e_ drop the _e_ before a suffix
beginning with a consonant: as, judge + ment = judgment; lodge + ment =
lodgment; abridge + ment = abridgment.

Rule III.--_Final "y" preceded by a Consonant._

Final _y_ of a primitive word, when preceded by a consonant, is generally
changed into _i_ on the addition of a suffix.

EXCEPTION 1.--Before _ing_ or _ish_, the final _y_ is retained to
prevent the doubling of the _i_: as, pity + ing = pitying.

EXCEPTION 2.--Words ending in _ie_ and dropping the _e_, by Rule I.
change the _i_ into _y_ to prevent the doubling of the _i_: as, die +
ing = dying; lie + ing = lying.

EXCEPTION 3.--Final _y_ is sometimes changed into _e_: as, duty + ous =
duteous; beauty + ous = beauteous.

Rule IV.--_Final "y" preceded by a Vowel._

Final _y_ of a primitive word, when preceded by a vowel, should not be
changed into an _i_ before a suffix: as, joy + less = joyless.

Rule V.--_Doubling._

Monosyllables and other words accented on the last syllable, when they end
with a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, or by a vowel after
_qu_, double their final letter before a suffix beginning with a vowel: as,
rob + ed = robbed; fop + ish = foppish; squat + er = squatter; prefer' +
ing = prefer'ring.

EXCEPTIONS.--_X_ final, being equivalent to _ks_, is never doubled; and
when the derivative does not retain the accent of the root, the final
consonant is not always doubled: as, prefer' + ence = pref'erence.

Rule VI.--_No Doubling._

A final consonant, when it is not preceded by a single vowel, or when the
accent is not on the last syllable, should remain single before an
additional syllable: as, toil + ing = tolling; cheat + ed = cheated; murmur
+ ing = murmuring.

PART II.--THE LATIN ELEMENT.

I.--LATIN PREFIXES.

Prefix. Signification. Example. Definition.

A- a-vert to turn _from_.
ab- = _from_ ab-solve to release _from_.
abs- abs-tain to hold _from_.

AD- ad-here to stick _to_.
a- a-gree to be pleasing _to_.
ac- ac-cede to yield _to_.
a