population is largely made up of German settlers: =Campos Salles=,
founded in 1897; =Jorge Tibirica=, founded in 1905; =Nova Europa=,
founded in 1907; and =Bandeirantes=, founded in 1908. In addition to
these, the provincial colonies of =Moncao= and =Pariquera Assu= also
contain important quotas of Germans.

In the state of Sao Paulo the Germans form to-day an urban rather than a
rural population. They are very strongly represented in Sao Paulo (the
capital), Campinas and Santos. The following towns and their vicinities
are also important centers of German population: Riberao Pires, Sao
Bernardo, Rocinha, Vallinhos, Helvetia, Nova Friburgo, Salto de Ytu,
Sorocaba, Botucatu, Riberao Preto, Sao Joao da Boa Vista, Villa
Americana, Pires, Araras, Leme, Rio Claro, Sao Carlos do Pinhal, Santa
Rita do Passo Quatro, Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, Brotas, Dous Corregos,
Jahu, Villa Raffard, Piracicaba, and Jacarehy.[17]

Excepting the older colonies first mentioned, the German element in Sao
Paulo is largely made up as the result of indirect immigration; in the
early years from the Petropolis district, and later from the more
southern states and from Argentine.

PARANA.

The state colony of =Rio Negro= was founded in 1829[18] while this
section of Brazil was still within the limits of Sao Paulo.[19] Shortly
after its founding the colony was increased by the location of members
of the mustered-out German legion of the Imperial army.[20] Subsequently
many settlers from the Sao Bento district in Santa Catharina moved over
to this colony.

The following provincial colonies are settled largely by Germans or
German-speaking Austrians: =Jesuino Marcondes, Ivahy, Iraty,= all
founded in 1907; =Itapara= and =Tayo=, both founded in 1908; and =Vera
Guarany=, founded in 1909.[21]

By far the most important center for Germans in the state is the
capital, Curityba. There are some 12,000 German-speaking residents in
this city. In addition, a large number are located in the important
cities of Lapa, Ponta Grossa, Porto da Uniao and Castro.[22]

A large part of the German element in Parana is due to indirect
immigration from Santa Catharina.

SANTA CATHARINA.

=Sao Pedro de Alcantara=, a state colony, was founded in 1828.[23] Its
first settlers came mainly from the Rhine district.

=Itajahy=[24] and =Santa Izabel=, two other state colonies were founded
in 1835 and 1846 respectively.

=Blumenau=, a private colony (originally), was fou