did not long antedate
the knowledge of metals. Mr. Dawkins thinks that it caught up with
them before they arrived in Britain, and that they are the ones who
introduced bronze into that island. The Aryan tribe, who thus made their
appearance in Europe, are identified as the Celts of history.

The Neolithic Age thus drew to its close, but not all at once. It
disappeared first in the southern portion of Europe--from Greece and
Italy; but it lingered to a far later date in the north: among the
scattered tribes of Turanian people it would still assert its sway. Even
after metals were introduced, the cheapness and abundance of stone would
cause it to be used, among the poorer people at least. But finally this
culture gives way to a higher one in Europe--though it still survived in
portions of Asia, the Isles of the Pacific, and in America. We can but
reflect on the difference between the two ages of stone. The former ends
amidst Arctic scenes--and, in the darkness that ensues, ages pass before
we again detect the presence of man. The Neolithic closes gradually,
everywhere giving way to a higher culture. We must not forget that our
present civilization owes much to our far away Neolithic ancestors. When
we reflect on the difficulties that had to be overcome before animals
could be profitably held in a domestic state, or cultivation of the
earth made profitable, we almost wonder that they succeeded in either
direction. Aside from these, we turn to them for the origin of trade,
navigation, and mining. No inconsiderable part of the battle of
civilization had thus been won.

REFERENCES

(1) The manuscript of this chapter was submitted to Prof. Chas.
Rau, of the Smithsonian Institution, for criticism.
(2) The Cave-men were, undoubtedly, considerably in advance of
the Men of the Drift. If we regard the two as but one race of
men, then the statement is not true. We have, however, given our
reasons for considering the Cave-men as a different race.
Hence the statement made above.
(3) Consult Geikie's "Prehistoric Europe," chapters on "British
Post-glacial and Recent Deposits."
(4) Lions still lived in Greece at the time of Herodotus.
See "Polymnia," vii, 125, etc.
(5) This last argument is drawn from Mr. Morgan's work. It is
well to state that his divisions are very far from being
accepted by all authorities.
(6) Morgan's "Ancient Society."
(7) Lubb