nothing about the phratries and gentes of the Mexicans; and yet they
were in existence. Neither did the English mention the institution of
the phratries and gentes among the Iroquois; and yet they were fully
developed. We answer, that the Inca tribe were divided into both
phratries and gentes. It is necessary to show what grounds we have for
such belief. It is well to have a little better understanding of the
surroundings of this tribe.

The isolated section of country which they occupied is about seventy
miles long by sixty in width. "The proper name for the aboriginal people
of this tract," says Mr. Markham, "is Incas." This word must have been
at first the title for chief--for all the chiefs in this section were
called Incas; but, in process of time, the name was assumed as the
special title of the tribe at Cuzco. Mr. Markham gives us further the
names of seventeen lineages who occupied this valley. Whether a lineage
was a tribe or not we can not decide. We will now confine our attention
to the ruling tribe at Cuzco.

The Spaniards noticed that Cuzco was divided into two parts, called
respectively Upper and Lower Cuzco. Garcillasso tells us that this
division was made as follows. Manco-Capac with his wife and queen were
children of the Sun, sent to civilize the Indians, who, before
their arrival, were a very degraded sort of savages. From Cuzco this
sun-descended couple went their different ways--the king to the north,
the queen to the south--"speaking to all the people they met in the
wilderness, and telling them how their father, the Sun, had sent them
from heaven to be the rulers and benefactors of the inhabitants of all
that land;... and, in pursuance of these commands, they had come to
bring them out of the forests and deserts to live in villages." This
sounded so good to the wild tribes, that they "assembled in great
numbers, both men and women," and set out to follow their exhorters.<23>

The tribe that followed the king settled Upper Cuzco; while the queen's
converts settled Lower Cuzco. This division was not made so that
those living in one half should have any special privileges over the
other--for they were all to be equal, like brothers. The division was
solely in order "that they might be a perpetual memory of the fact that
the inhabitants of one were assembled by the king, and the other by the
queen." The only difference between them was, "that the people of Upper
Cuzco should be looked upon and repre