attempt to compel the Anglo-saxons to
learn French--it ended by his followers learning English. Are we to
believe that a tribe of Peruvian Indians were successful in spreading
their language over a wide extent of territory in the course of a few
generations?

Illustration of Burial Towers.-----------------

What is considered as the great stroke of policy on the part of the
Incas, was their system of colonies. On this point De Leon tells us:
"As soon as a province was conquered, ten or twelve thousand men were
ordered to go there with their wives; but they were always sent to a
country where the climate resembled that from whence they came. If they
were natives of a cold province, they were sent to a cold one; and if
they came from a warm province, they went to a warm one. These people
were called mitimaes--which means Indians who have come from one country
and gone to another." On this we might remark, that the Incas did not
always show such discriminating care where they sent the exiles, since
Mr. Markham tells us that the "descendants of colonists on the coasts
of Peru (a warm climate, notice) still retain traditions concerning the
villages in the Andes (a cold province), whence their ancestors were
transported."

We will only refer to the so-called royal roads of Peru. Humboldt
observed them in Northern Peru, and speaks in high praise of them. Many
of the early writers mention them. De Leon gives us a really wonderful
account. Modern travelers have not been so fortunate in finding their
remains. Mr. Squier does not mention them. Mr. Hutchinson searched at
every place along the coast, and could find no trace of such works.
The northern part of Peru, where Humboldt saw them, was almost the last
section to be conquered by the Incas. It is singular that they should
have been in such a hurry to build roads in that section, when the other
parts of their territory were destitute of them.

We are now prepared to inquire as to what remains of this ancient
people have come down to us; and in studying these ruins we must keep
constantly in mind the social organization of Indian tribes.<36> We
notice on the map, at about 8 deg. south latitude, a place marked Truxillo.
It is situated nearly two miles from the sea, in the valley of the
Chimu. Its port is the town of Huanchaco, a dilapidated village of a few
hundred houses, about ten miles further north. Truxillo was founded
in 1535 by Francisco Pizarro, and was once a pl