ers, dots and dashes.

The receiving stations along the line of the railway were similarly
equipped as to apparatus, and, generally speaking the operations of
sending and receiving messages were substantially the same as above
described.

The equipment of an operator on a car was quite simple consisting merely
of a small lap-board, on which were mounted the key, coil, and buzzer,
leaving room for telegraph blanks. To this board were also attached
flexible conductors having spring clips, by means of which connections
could be made quickly with conveniently placed terminals of the ground,
roof, and battery wires. The telephone receiver was held on the head
with a spring, the flexible connecting wire being attached to the lap
board, thus leaving the operator with both hands free.

The system, as shown in the sketch and elucidated by the text,
represents the operation of train telegraphy in a simple form, but
combining the main essentials of the art as it was successfully and
commercially practiced for a number of years after Edison and Gilliland
entered the field. They elaborated the system in various ways, making it
more complete; but it has not been deemed necessary to enlarge further
upon the technical minutiae of the art for the purpose of this work.

XV. KINETOGRAPH AND PROJECTING KINETOSCOPE

ALTHOUGH many of the arts in which Edison has been a pioneer have been
enriched by his numerous inventions and patents, which were subsequent
to those of a fundamental nature, the (so-called) motion-picture art
is an exception, as the following, together with three other additional
patents [30] comprise all that he has taken out on this subject: United
States Patent No. 589,168, issued August 31, 1897, reissued in two
parts--namely, No. 12,037, under date of September 30,1902, and No.
12,192, under date of January 12, 1904. Application filed August 24,
1891.

[Footnote 30: Not 491,993, issued February 21, 1893; No.
493,426, issued March 14, 1893; No. 772,647, issued October
18, 1904.]

There is nothing surprising in this, however, as the possibility of
photographing and reproducing actual scenes of animate life are so
thoroughly exemplified and rendered practicable by the apparatus
and methods disclosed in the patents above cited, that these basic
inventions in themselves practically constitute the art--its development
proceeding mainly along the line of manufacturing details. That such
a view of