d breeders "preserve and
print pedigrees;" and to show how such highly-bred animals are valued, I
may mention that Mr. Brown, who won all the first prizes for small breeds
at Birmingham in 1850, sold a young sow and boar of his breed to Lord Ducie
for 43 guineas; the sow alone was afterwards sold to the Rev. F. Thursby
for 65 guineas; who writes, "she paid me very well, having sold her produce
for 300_l_., and having now four breeding sows from her."[3] Hard cash paid
down, over and over again, is an excellent test of inherited superiority.
In fact, the whole art of breeding, from which such great results have been
attained during the present century, depends on the inheritance of each
small {4} detail of structure. But inheritance is not certain; for if it
were, the breeder's art[4] would be reduced to a certainty, and there would
be little scope left for all that skill and perseverance shown by the men
who have left an enduring monument of their success in the present state of
our domesticated animals.

It is hardly possible, within a moderate compass, to impress on the mind of
those who have not attended to the subject, the full conviction of the
force of inheritance which is slowly acquired by rearing animals, by
studying the many treatises which have been published on the various
domestic animals, and by conversing with breeders. I will select a few
facts of the kind, which, as far as I can judge, have most influenced my
own mind. With man and the domestic animals, certain peculiarities have
appeared in an individual, at rare intervals, or only once or twice in the
history of the world, but have reappeared in several of the children and
grandchildren. Thus Lambert, "the porcupine-man," whose skin was thickly
covered with warty projections, which were periodically moulted, had all
his six children and two grandsons similarly affected.[5] The face and body
being covered with long hair, accompanied by deficient teeth (to which I
shall hereafter refer), occurred in three successive generations in a
Siamese family; but this case is not unique, as a woman[6] with a
completely hairy face was exhibited in London in 1663, and another instance
has recently occurred. Colonel Hallam[7] has described a race of two-legged
pigs, "the hinder extremities being entirely wanting;" and this deficiency
was transmitted through three generations. In fact, all races presenting
any remarkable peculiarity, such as solid-hoofed swine, Mauchamp