n
Consortium pipeline in 2001, from western Kazakhstan's Tengiz
oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially raised export capacity. The
country has embarked upon an industrial policy designed to diversify
the economy away from overdependence on the oil sector, by
developing light industry. Additionally, the policy aims to reduce
the influence of foreign investment and foreign personnel; the
government has engaged in several disputes with foreign oil
companies over the terms of production agreements, and tensions
continue.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$118.4 billion (2004 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
9.1% (2004 est.)

GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $7,800 (2004 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 7.4%
industry: 37.8%
services: 54.8% (2004 est.)

Labor force:
7.95 million (2004 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 20%, industry 30%, services 50% (2002 est.)

Unemployment rate:
8% (2004 est.)

Population below poverty line:
19% (2004 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.3%
highest 10%: 26.5% (2004 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
31.5 (2003)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
6.9% (2004 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
23.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Budget:
revenues: $8.67 billion
expenditures: $8.968 billion, including capital expenditures of NA
(2004 est.)

Public debt:
13.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

Agriculture - products:
grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock

Industries:
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper,
titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel;
tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors,
construction materials

Industrial production growth rate:
10.6% (2004 est.)

Electricity - production:
66.82 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 84.3%
hydro: 15.7%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)

Electricity - consumption:
62.21 billion kWh (203)

Electricity - exports:
4.975 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports:
2.506 billion kWh (2003)

Oil - production:
1.2 million bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - consumption:
189,400 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports:
890,000 bbl/day (2003)

Oil - imports:
47,000 bbl/day (2003)

Oil - proved reserves:
26 billion bbl (1 January 2004)

Natural gas -