Length
Paragraphing of Speech
Indentation of the Paragraph
Essential Qualities of the Paragraph
Unity
Coherence
Emphasis

X.--LETTER-WRITING
Heading
Inside Address
Salutation
Body of the Letter
Close
Miscellaneous Directions
Outside Address
Correctly Written Letters
Notes in the Third Person

XI.--THE WHOLE COMPOSITION
Statement of Subject
The Outline
The Beginning
Essential Qualities of the Whole Composition
Unity
Coherence
The Ending
Illustrative Examples
Lincoln's _Gettysburg Speech_
Selection from _Cranford_
List of Books for Reading

XII.--WORDS--SPELLING--PRONUNCIATION
Words
Good Use
Offenses Against Good Use
Solecisms
Barbarisms
Improprieties
Idioms
Choice of Words
How to Improve One's Vocabulary
Spelling
Pronunciation
GLOSSARY OF MISCELLANEOUS ERRORS

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION

* * * * *

CHAPTER I

SENTENCES.--PARTS OF SPEECH.--ELEMENTS OF THE SENTENCE.--PHRASES
AND CLAUSES

1. In thinking we arrange and associate ideas and objects together.
Words are the symbols of ideas or objects. A SENTENCE is a group
of words that expresses a single complete thought.

2. SENTENCES are of four kinds:

1. DECLARATIVE; a sentence that tells or declares something; as,
_That book is mine_.

2. IMPERATIVE; a sentence that expresses a command; as, _Bring me
that book_.

3. INTERROGATIVE; a sentence that asks a question; as, _Is that
book mine?_

4. EXCLAMATORY; a declarative, imperative, or interrogative sentence
that expresses violent emotion, such as terror, surprise, or anger;
as, _You shall take that book!_ or, _Can that book be mine?_

3. PARTS OF SPEECH. Words have different uses in sentences. According
to their uses, words are divided into classes called Parts of Speech.
The parts of speech are as follows:

1. NOUN; a word used as the name of something; as, _man, box,
Pittsburgh, Harry, silence, justice_.

2. PRONOUN; a word used instead of a noun; as, _I, he, it, that._

Nouns, pronouns, or groups of words that ar