re.

_Habanera_--Spanish dance in triple measure.

_Minuet_--slow dance in triple measure.

_Mazurka_--Polish dance in triple measure.

_Polonaise_--Polish dance in triple measure.

_Rigaudon_--lively dance in duple or triple measure.

_Sarabande_--triple measure.

_Tarantella_--swift Italian dance in sextuple measure.

The _allemande_ is especially interesting to students of music form
because of its relation to the sonata, it being the prototype of the
sonata-allegro (_i.e._, the first movement of the sonata). The
_sarabande_ and _courante_ are likewise interesting as the prototypes of
the second movement, and the _bouree_, _minuet_, etc., for their
connection with the third movement.

152. The _scherzo_ (lit. musical joke) is a fanciful instrumental
composition. It was used by Beethoven as the third movement of the
sonata instead of the more limited minuet, but is also often found as an
independent piece.

153. A _sonata_ is an instrumental composition of three or more
movements (usually four), the first and last of which are almost always
in rapid tempo. Each of these movements is a piece of music with a unity
of its own, but they are all merged together in a larger whole with a
broad underlying unity of larger scope. The composition receives its
name from the fact that its first movement is cast in _sonata-form_.
(See Sec. 157 for description of sonata-form.)

When the _sonata_ has four movements, these are usually arranged as
follows:

1. A quick movement (_allegro_, _presto_, etc.), often
preceded by a slower introduction.

2. A slow movement (_largo_, _andante_, _adagio_, etc.).

3. A minuet or scherzo, often with a trio added, in which case
the part preceding the trio is repeated after the trio is
played.

4. A quick movement--the finale, sometimes a rondo, sometimes
another sonata-form, sometimes a theme with variations.

These movements are all in closely related keys, but in a variety of
contrasting rhythms.

154. A _trio_ is a sonata for three instruments (such as piano, violin,
and cello), while a _quartet_ is a sonata for four instruments, the most
common quartet combination being as follows: First and second violins,
viola, and violoncello.

The term _chamber music_ is often applied to instrumental music for
trio, quartet, quintet, and other similar combinations which are
suitable for a small room rather th